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Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
5. Concentric Cell Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page2
Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse
1.3 Reuse Density
1.4 C/I Ratio
Page3
890
P-GSM 900 :
915
935
960
1710
1785
1805
DCS 1800 :
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Page4
1880
Range
Spectrum
(MHz)
P-GSM900
E-GSM900
890~915
935~960
Uplink
Frequency Value
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
880~915
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
925~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n1024)
R-GSM900
876~915
Fu(n)=890+0.2n
921~960
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n1024)
DCS1800
PCS1900
1710~1785
Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-
1805~1880
512)
1850~1910
Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-
1930~1990
512)
Downlink
ARFCN
Frequency
Value
1n 124
0 n 124
975 n 1023
0 n 124
955 n 1023
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
512 n 885
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
512 n 810
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
Page5
Macro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk}
..
{fi,fj..fk}
..
Page6
{fi,fj..fk}
Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
Max. 320N uses can access the network at the same time.
Page7
Reuse Density
f reuse
N ARFCN
N TRX
Page8
Question
(1) Frequency bandwidth is 12MHZ, if frequency reuse density
is 4x3,each cell has how many TRX?
(2) Frequency bandwidth is 6MHZ, if frequency reuse density i
s 2x3,each cell has how many TRX?
Page9
Reuse Density
f reuse n m
Tighter reuse
0
Looser reuse
12
20
Little interference,
but frequency reuse efficiency is low.
Page10
43 Frequency Reuse
C1
A1
C1
A1
A2
A3
C2
C3
B1
A3
A3
D1
B2
B3
A1
A2
D3
C3
B1
B3
B2
D1
B2
B3
A1
C1 C2
A2
C3
B1
D2
C2
A3
D1
D3
D2
C1
D3
C1
A2
D2
C2
C3
B1
B3
A1
A3
D1
B2
A2
D3
A1
A3
C3
B1
D2
D1
B2
C2
C3
B1
D1
B2
B3
D3
B3
C1
A2
C2
Page11
D3
D2
D2
Useful signal
Carrier
Interference
Other signals
Page12
C/I
(3 dB margin is
needed )
Co-channel
Adjacent-channel
Carrier offset reaches 400
9dB
12dB
- 9dB
- 6dB
- 41dB
KHz
Page13
Exercise
Cell D fre 3
Cell B fre 5
?dB<
?dB<
Cell A fre 5
?dB<
-70dB
Cell C fre 4
Page14
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page15
Frequency group
number
Channel Number
of Each
Frequency Group
A1
B1
C1
D1
A2
B2
C2
D2
A3
B3
C3
D3
94
93
92
91
90
89
88
87
86
85
84
83
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
Page16
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and co
nvenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with carrie
rs.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Page17
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page18
A1
A1
A2
A3
A3
A1
A3
Page19
A2
A2
A1
A3
A2
Channel number
MAIO
80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47
0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10
79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46
1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11
78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Channel number
MAIO
80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45
0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
space
grouping
sequence
grouping
Page20
reuse pattern: 13
Page21
(120,122) MA2
Cell2
MA3(115,117)
Cell2
MA3(115,117)
Cell1
MA1(110,112)
Cell3
(120,122) MA2
Cell2
MA3(115,117)
MAIO
CELL1(MA
110
111 112
113
114
0,2
115
116 117
118
119
0,2
120
121 122
123
124
0,2
1)
CELL2(MA
2)
CELL3(MA
Copyright 3)
2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page22
Cell3
(124,112) MA2
Cell2
MA3(117,120)
Cell1
MA1(110,113)
Cell3
(124,112) MA2
Cell2
MA3(117,120)
Cell1
MA1(110,113)
Cell3
(124,112) MA2
Cell2
MA3(117,120)
MAIO
CELL1(MA1
0,1
2,3
4,0
)
CELL2(MA2
)
CELL3(MA3
Copyright 2006
) Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page23
The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great.
When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while its unnecessary to re-pl
an frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high.
Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency selecti
vity is inapplicable.
Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency reuse d
istance decreases.
RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency hopp
ing is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
In actual conditions, BCCH cannot take measures, such as RF hopping, DTX, and p
ower control, therefore, in order to ensure network quality, BCCH can only use th
e looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
Page24
Channel number
MAIO
96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110
0,2,4
96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110
6,8
96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110
10,12
the maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1 frequen
cy reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.25/9.67/9.67, so th
e average value is 8.86.
Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse
pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping pattern,
so is the network capacity.
Page25
13 and 11
BCCH14+TCH36
1BCCH+12TCH
13
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
43
1BCCH+3TCH
11
1BCCH+36TCH
Page26
1BCCH+36TCH
Illustration of 13 or 11
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
Page27
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page28
Page29
Page30
Example of MRP
Page31
Example of MRP
Page32
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page33
In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the servic
e area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation an
d handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency
planning technologies, both expand network capacity can be improved ne
twork quality.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page34
Super fn
Regular fm
BCCH 15f
Super fn
Super fn
Regular fm
Regular fm
Regular 24f
Super 12f
Page35
Underlaid Overlaid
Page36
Contents
1. Frequency Planning
2. Normal Frequency Reuse Technology
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Page37
Contents
6. Frequency Hopping
6.1 Classification of hopping
6.2 Advantages of hopping
6.3 Parameter of hopping
6.4 Collocation of hopping data
Page38
Frequency Hopping
Page39
Advantages of Hopping
Page40
Page41
Page42
Classification of Hopping
Base-band hopping
RF hopping
Timeslot hopping
Frame hopping
Page43
FH bus
Page44
BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
TS 0
TRX0
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
No
Hopping
TRX1
10(TCH carrier)
TRX2
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
TRX3
MA={10,15,20}
MA={5,10,15,20}
Page45
TS 0
TRX0
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
TRX1
10(TCH carrier)
TRX2
15(TCH carrier)
TRX3
20(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
Page46
RF Hopping Principle
Page47
RF Hopping Principle
TS 0
TRX0
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
(BCCH carrier)
TRX1
MA={10,15,20}
TRX2
MA={10,15,20}
TRX3
MA={10,15,20}
Page48
(TCH
carrier)
Classification of Hopping
Frame hopping
Timeslot hopping
Page49
Frame Hopping
RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
Frame 4
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Page50
Timeslot Hopping
5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Page51
Frame 4
Hopping Parameters
No hopping
Base band hopping
RF hopping
Page52
Hopping Parameters
Page53
Hopping Parameters
Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all channels, otherwise inte
rference occurs.
Page54
Example of MAIO
TS 0
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
TRX2 1
TRX3 1
2
3 MA2={5,10,15,20}
0
1
2
MA1={10,15,20}
TRX0
TRX1
No
Hopping
MAIO
MAIO
0 1
MAIO MAI
Page55
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
Example of MAIO
TS 0
TS 1
TS 2
TS 3
TS 4
TS 5
TS 6
TS 7
TRX2 1
TRX3 1
TRX5 1
TRX6 0
TRX7 3
3
3
3
MA1={10,15,20}
TRX0
TRX1
TRX4
No
Hopping
2
3
0
1
MA2={5,10,15,20}
3
3
3
3
MA3={510,515,520,525}
3
3
ARFCN
5(BCCH carrier)
10(TCH carrier)
15(TCH carrier)
20(TCH carrier)
510(TCH carrier)
2 515(TCH carrier)
3
520(TCH carrier)
3
0
3
1
3
2
3
Page56
525(TCH carrier)
Example of MAIO
5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on
5 frequencies, and uses same HSNs
Frame 0
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
5
10
15
20
25
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
Page57
Frame 4
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Page58
Frame 4
Frame 1
Frame 2
Frame 3
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Page59
Frame 4
Thank you
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