PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF POWER

AWARE WIRELESS ROUTING PROTOCOLS

IN MANET

Under the Guidance of

SUBMITTED BY:
MS. KUSUM DANGI
NEHA
YADAV
(Lect. In ECE)
14ECP008

OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
Study the mobile adhoc network.
Study various power aware routing
protocols of MANET.
Study network simulator NS2.
Implement routing protocols such as EPAR,
DSR,MTPR in NS2.
To Study various parameters such as
Delay, Throughput , Network Lifetime .

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET)

Host movement frequent

Topology change frequent
A

No cellular infrastructure. Multi-hop wireless

links.
Data must be routed via intermediate nodes.
3

Routing Protocols: Overview

Proactive protocols

Determine routes independent of traffic pattern

Traditional link-state and distance-vector routing
protocols are proactive
Examples:
DSDV (Dynamic sequenced distance-vector)
OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing)

Reactive protocols

Maintain routes only if needed

Examples:

DSR (Dynamic source routing)

AODV (on-demand distance vector)

Hybrid protocols

Example: Zone Routing Protocol (intra-zone: proactive;

inter-zone: on-demand)

Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)

Cooperative nodes
Relatively small network diameter (5-10
hops)
Detectable packet error
Unidirectional or bidirectional link
Promiscuous mode (optional)

Route Discovery
B

RREQ FORMAT

A-B-D-G

A-B-D-G
A-B

Initiator ID

A-B-D-G

Target ID

A-B-D

Initiator seq#

Partial route

A-C-E
A

A-C

H
A-C-E
A-C-E
F

A-B-C
Route Request (RREQ)

A-B-C
Route Reply (RREP)

Route Discovery is issued with exponential back-off

intervals.

Route Discovery: at source A

A need to send to
G
Lookup Cache for route A to
G
Start Route
Discovery
Protocol

wait
Route
Discovery
finished

Buffe
r
packe
t
Continue
normal
processi
ng

Rout
e
foun
d?

no

yes
yes

Packe
t in
buffer
?

Write route in
packet header

no
don
e

Send
packet to
next-hop

Route Discovery: At an intermediate

node
<src,id>
in recently
seen
requests
list?

Accept
route
request
packet

yes

Discar
d
route
reque
st

no

Append
myAddr to
partial
route

Store
<src,id> in
list
Broadcast
packet

Hosts
address
already
in patrial
route

no

no
myAd
dr=ta
rget

yes

Send route
reply
packet

done

yes

Discar
d
route
reque
st

DSR - Route Discovery

Route Reply message containing path information

is sent back to the source either by
the destination, or
intermediate nodes that have a route to the
destination
Reverse the order of the route record, and include it in
Route Reply.
Unicast, source routing

Each node maintains a Route Cache which

records routes it has learned and overheard over
time

Route Maintenance

Route maintenance performed only while route is in

use
Error detection:
Monitors the validity of existing routes by passively
listening to data packets transmitted at neighboring nodes
Lower level acknowledgements

When problem detected, send Route Error packet to

original sender to perform new route discovery
Host detects the error and the host it was
attempting;
Route Error is sent back to the sender the packet original
src

Route Maintenance
B
RERR

RERR

G
D

A
Route Cache
(A)
G: A, B, D, G
G: A, C, E, H, G
F: B, C, F

C
F

AODV Routing Protocol

S

E
F

C
G
B

AODV = Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector

Source floods route request in the network.
Reverse paths are formed when a node hears a
route request.
Each node forwards the request only once
(pure flooding).

AODV Route Discovery

S

E
F

C
G
B

Source floods route request in the network.

Each node forwards the request only once (pure
flooding).

AODV Route Discovery

S

E
F

C
G
B

Uses hop-by-hop routing.

Each node forwards the request only once (pure flooding).
Reverse paths are formed when a node hears a route
request.

AODV Route Discovery

S

E
F

C
G
B

Route reply forwarded via the reverse

path.

AODV Route Discovery

S

E
F

C
G
B

Route reply is forwarded via the reverse

path thus forming the forward path.
The forward path is used to route data
packets.

Route Expiry
S

E
F

C
G
B

Unused paths expire based on a timer.

Minimum Total Transmission Power Routing (MTPR)

Based on minimizing the amount of power

required to get a packet from source to
destination .

Where p(i,i+1) is power expended for

transmitting or receiving between two
consecutive nodes i and i+1.
MTPR reduces overall transmission power
consumed per packet but doesnt affect the
lifetime of each node.

Efficient Power Aware Routing(EPAR)

DSR selects the shortest path ie AEFD or

AECD.
MTPR selects the minimum route path ie
AEFD.
EPAR selects the ABCD only because
selected path has maximum lifetime of the
network (1000s)

LITERATURE SURVEY
Shivashankar ,Golla Varaprasad,Designing Energy
Routing Protocol with Power consumption
optimization in MANET.
C. Perkins and E. Royer, Ad hoc on-demand
distance vector routing " .
Samir R. Das , Charles E. Perkins , Elizabeth M.
Royer and Mahesh K. Marina. Performance
Comparison of two on demand Routing Protocols
for Ad hoc Networks.

RESULTS
PROTOCO
L

THROUGHPU
T(Kbits)

POWER
CONSUMED
(Joule)

NETWORK
LIFETIME
(sec)

END TOEND DELAY

(ms)

DSR

8000

31

315

0.22

EPAR

18000

852

0.16

MTPR

13200

23

589

0.19

SIMULATED RESULT:1

SIMULATED RESULT:2

SIMULATED RESULT:3

SIMULATED RESULT:4

NS-2
octcl interface is easy to use and set up
simulations
octcl must be installed as a separate
program

CONCLUSION

The Performance of EPAR ,MTPR ,DSR in Small Size Networks was

comparable
For medium and large size networks , the EPAR and MTPR produces
good results
Performance of EPAR in terms of Throughput is good in all scenarios