The Rise and Fall of the

Roman Republic

Chapter 5
Pages 146-183
 Define and Identify the Following
1. Cannae 153 10. Dictator 155, 16. Clergy 173
2. Consul 152 158
17. Inflation 177
3. Hannibal 153 11. Imperator 159
Julius Caesar 18. Insulae 167
4. Patrician 152 12.
5. Plebeian 152 155 19. Laity 173
6. Praetor 152 13. Nero 159 20. New Testament
7. Punic Wars 14. Octavian 172
153 Augustus 158 21. Paterfamilias 165
8. Republic 150 15. Triumvirate
22. Plague 176
155
9. Senate 152 23. Procurator 170
Chapter Outline

 The Rise of Rome

 From Republic to Empire
The Rise of Rome:
Land and People
(Copy on the back of your Rome Map)

 The Geography of Rome made

it the perfect place for a large
and stable empire.
 Italy is a peninsula located
about 18 mi inland on the
Tiber River giving it access to
the Mediterranean sea while
being far enough inland to be
safe from pirates.
 Rome was built on seven hills
so it was easily defended. It
was situated where the Tiber
could easily be crossed.
 Fertile plains and less rugged
terrain made it much easier to
unify than Greece.
 Geography of Rome
 Locate the
following on the
map provided:
 Rome
 Carthage
 Byzantium
 Jerusalem
 Sicily (shade
orange)
 Judea (shade
green)
 Alps
 Pyrenees Mts
•Color Rivers Blue
 Rubicon River •Mountains Brown
•Place red stripes over all the land that was part
 Aegean Sea
of the Roman Empire by 14AD.
 Mediterranean •Place purple polka dots on the area that used to
Sea be the Carthaginian Empire
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
 Legend: Romulus and Remus
 Reality: Romulus was the first of seven kings who
ruled Rome as a city-state.
 People of Italy
 1500BC-1000BC occupied by Latins, herders and farmers.
 750-550BC Greek colonists pass along their alphabet and
agriculture as well as art and architecture.
 800BC Etruscans found the city of Rome, wore the toga,
and were the most influential.
 509BC The last Etruscan king/tyrant is overthrown and a
Republic is established
Groups that influenced the
development of Rome:
The Rise of Rome:
The Roman Republic
 Read page 151: War and Conquest, and Why Rome was
Successful. 3-2-1
 3 reasons why Romans were successful.
 Good Diplomats

 Excelled in Military Matters

 Excellent military stratagists

 Law and Practical Politics
 2 victories for the new Republic
 338 BC Crushed the Latins

 264 BC overcome the Greeks

 1 way Romans gained support for their empire.

 Extended Roman citizenship and allowed states to run their

own affairs.
Good Diplomats
 The Romans gained support of conquered
people by giving them Roman citizenship
and by allowing them to run their own affairs.
Romans were excellent military strategists
and they were also practical in law and
politics.
  Define Republic: Form of government in which
The Rise of Rome: the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have
the right to vote.
The Roman State  Draw the diagram below and use
pages 152-153 to write the role of each
level of Roman Government.

could be chosen
elected during a time of
annually to war or crisis for
Oversaw
supervise a temporary
the law
government Dictator time.
and 2 Consuls & Praetors
command
armies. Legislative body
Senate made up of 300
Patricians who
Patricians served for life.

Plebeians

The plebeians resented the

Slaves patricians because the patricians
did not treat the plebeians as equal
citizens. They couldn’t hold office,
and their children could not marry
the children of the patricians.
The Rise of Rome:
Roman State and Society
 Roman Republic:
 Senate: (government that was established by the
people to prevent a tyrant from misruling Rome.)
 Two Consuls were elected annually to supervise
government and command armies.
 One Dictator could be chosen during a time of war
or crisis for a temporary time.
 Society organized by class: (A person could improve
their status.)
 Patricians: landholding elite and could be members of
senate, consuls, praetors, and as members of the
centuriate assembly
 Plebeians: Lower class free men like farmers, merchants,
etc. They could EVENTUALLY serve as consul, on
tribunes, the council of plebes and as members of the
centuriate assembly
 Slaves: no rights or privileges but could one day become
citizens themselves.
The Rise of Rome:
Expansion

The Mediterranean basin in the mid-sixth century

B.C., showing the areas colonized by the Greeks
(red), Phoenicians (purple) and Etruscans
(yellow).
 The Rise of Rome: Expansion
 Use either visual art or storytelling to demonstrate an
understanding of the major events of the Punic Wars between
Rome and Carthage.
 Draw a cartoon with at least six frames illustrating the major
people and events of the Punic Wars. Make sure to include
captions and color.
 Pretend you are either a Roman or Carthaginian soldier at
the end of the Third Punic War. Write a letter to a loved one
explaining the history of the wars, your role in it, and how
you feel about the outcome.
 You must include the following information in your product in
some way:
 Who was involved in the wars?
 Major people, places, battles, etc
 Who won each war?
 Effects of the wars
 End of the Republic
 Following the Punic Wars as Rome’s territory expanded
the stability of the Republic declined
 Over a period of time, many small farmers found themselves
unable to compete with large wealthy landowners and had
lost their lands.
 As a result many of these small farmers drifted to cities
especially Rome, forming a large class of landless poor.
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were the first to attempt reform
 These wealthy aristocrats tried to help the small farmer by
urging the Council of plebs to pass laws that would give land
back to the poor from the large landowners.
 They were both killed by fellow members of the Senate
End of the Republic continued
 Generals like Marius and Cornelius Sulla
set a standard for using the military to
enforce their political power.
 Marius recruited soldiers by promising them
land in return the soldiers swore an oath to
the general, not to Rome.
 This created a new type of army that was not
under government control and generals had
to become involved in politics to get laws
passed to provide land for their veterans.
 Sulla restored power to the Senate and
eliminated most of the powers of the popular
assemblies.
 His example of using his army to seize power
would prove most attractive to ambitious men
in the future.
 From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic: Julius Caesar
 Great Roman general that
conquered Gaul
 marched his army across the
Rubicon River into Rome.
 Caesar defeated the other
members of the Triumvirate
(three people with equal
power) and declared himself
dictator.
 Crassus was known to be
the richest man in Rome
 Pompey had returned
from Spain as a military
hero
 Julius Caesar also had a
military command in Spain
 Caesar was Rome’s first
true dictator, or ruler with • increasing the number of
absolute power that is not members weakened the power of
a Monarch the Senate making many
 He increased the Senate Senators Angry.
to 900 members by filling • March 15, 44 BC he was
it with many of his assassinated in the Senate.
supporters
Rome under Julius Caesar
 From Republic to Empire
End of the Republic
 The Second
Triumvirate plunges
Rome into Civil War
again!
 Octavian =
Grandnephew
became the first
emperor
 Antony = Caesar’s
Assistant,
committed suicide
with Cleopatra VII
 Lepidus =
Commander of
Answer the following questions:
Cavalry
1. Who is Cleopatra?
2. Who became the first emperor of Rome?
3. How did he accomplish this?
 Early Empire
 Octavian Augustus, the revered one,
ruled with absolute power and began
the Pax Romana
 The Senate also gave Octavian the title
Imperator or commander in chief.
 The German defeat of the Roman army
proved that Rome’s power was not
unlimited.
 Augustus’s new political system
allowed the emperor to choose his
successor from his natural or
adopted family
 His successors included good and bad
emperors
 Roman Peace (Pax
Romana)
 The Pax Romana was a 100-200 year
period of peace and prosperity to Roman
Empire from Euphrates River to Britain.
 Legions maintained roads and navy
protected seas encouraging free trade
 Cultural diffusion: thoughts, customs, and
ideas spread throughout the empire.
 The Early Empire was a period of much
prosperity with internal peace leading to
high levels of trade
 There was a large gulf between the

wealthy and the poor, which led to

government handouts of grain.
 Farming remained the chief occupation,

but trade and commerce were also

important.
 Culture and Society: During Channel One use
pages 163-168 to complete the chart (#27 in
Guided Reading)
Art and Architecture Literature
Art: Based on Greece but more Real Virgil: Most distinguished poet of the Augustan
Age, Aeneid shows ideals of Roman character and
Insulae: Multi-Storied Apt. buildings prone to fire the foundations of the city of Rome
Aqueduct: Bridge-like stone structure used to Horace: Wrote about the problems in Rome,
bring water to cities Satires
Colosseum: Most famous stadium in the Livy: most famous prose writer, History of Rome
world, gladiator games, races, executions traces their history from the foundations in 9BC up
until his time in 142 books

Family Slaves: built roads and public buildings,

Paterfamilias: Dominate male head of the farmers,
household
Greeks: Doctors, Teachers, Artists, Musicians,
Women: Subject to men but gained more rights in very high demand,
throughout the span of the Empire
Spartacus: led the largest slave revolt of
Children: Boys learned reading, writing, morals 70,000, he and 6,000 of his followers were crucified
and values, law and PE, Girls married young
Compare and Contrast Roman Cities
with Modern Cities

Roman Modern
Cities Cities
Christianity
Christianity Spreads
 Fall of Rome
Political: 22 Capital moves
emperors in 50 to
yrs Constantinople

Military: Western
invasions and Europe in a
mercenaries Dark Age

Social: decline Byzantine

in values and Empire in the
education East 1,000
years

Economic: Christianity and

collapse of RCC replace
economy and Empire
inflation
Rome Found Poem
1. Free Write about either Christianity or Culture and
Society of Rome.
2. Share with a partner and add to your list.
3. For Homework:
 Using NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES, AND OTHER
PUBLISHED MATERIALS look for all the words on
your list including any “filler words” like a, the, an, in,
etc.
 If you can’t find a word cut out a picture of that word.
 Cut them out and place them in a ziplock bag, or
other container and bring with you tomorrow.
Write a 5 sentence summary for one of
the following topics.
1. Geography and people that influenced the
development of Rome.
2. Roman Republic and social hierarchy.
3. Punic Wars.
4. The fall of the Republic (JC) and the rise of the
Empire (OA).
5. Emperors of Rome.
6. Culture, society, and achievements of the empire.
7. Christianity and the spread of this new faith.
8. Causes and effects of the fall of Rome.