Mobile Computing and Commerce,

and Pervasive Computing

1. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits,

and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
2. Describe the mobile computing environment
that supports m-commerce (devices,
software, services).
3. Describe the four major types of wireless
telecommunications networks.
4. Discuss m-commerce applications in
finance.
5. Describe m-commerce applications in
shopping, advertising, and provision of
content.
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6. Discuss the application of m-commerce

within organizations and across the supply
chain.
7. Describe consumer and personal
applications of m-commerce.
8. Understand the technologies and potential
application of location-based m-commerce.
9. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers
of m-commerce.
10.Discuss the key characteristics, critical
technologies, and major applications of
pervasive computing.
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 mobile commerce (m-commerce,

m-business)
Any business activity conducted over
a wireless telecommunications
network or from mobile devices

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 ATTRIBUTES OF M-COMMERCE
Ubiquity
Convenience
Interactivity
Personalization
Localization

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 DRIVERS OF M-COMMERCE
Widespread availability of more powerful
mobile devices
The handset culture
The service economy
Vendors push
The mobile workforce
Increased mobility
Improved price/performance
Improving bandwidth
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 wireless mobile computing

(mobile computing)
Computing that connects a mobile
device to a network or another
computing device, anytime,
anywhere

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 MOBILE DEVICES
Mobile computers
personal digital assistant (PDA)
A stand-alone handheld computer
principally used for personal information
management
smartphone
A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities
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 MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE

AND SERVICES
Messaging Services
short message service (SMS)
A service that supports the sending and
receiving of short text messages on mobile
phones
multimedia messaging service (MMS)
The emerging generation of wireless
messaging; MMS is able to deliver rich media
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 Location-Based Services
Voice-Support Services
interactive voice response (IVR)
A voice system that enables users to request
and receive information and to enter and
change data through a telephone to a
computerized system
voice portal
A Web site with an audio interface that can
be accessed through a telephone call
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 WIRELESS TELECOMMUNICATIONS
NETWORKS
personal area network (PAN)
A wireless telecommunications network for
device-to-device connections within a very
short range
Bluetooth
A set of telecommunications standards
that enables wireless devices to
communicate with each other over short
distances
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 wireless local area network (WLAN)

A telecommunications network that
enables users to make short-range
wireless connections to the Internet or
another network
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity)
The common name used to describe the
IEEE 802.11 standard used on most
WLANs
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 WiMax
A wireless standard (IEEE 802.16) for
making broadband network connections
over a medium-size area such as a city
wireless wide area network (WWAN)
A telecommunications network that
offers wireless coverage over a large
geographical area, typically over a
cellular phone network
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 MOBILE BANKING
MOBILE PAYMENTS
Mobile Proximity Payments
Mobile Remote Payments

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 digital divide
Refers to the gap between people with
effective access to digital and
information technology and those
without
microfinance
Refers to the provision of financial
services to poor or low-income clients,
including consumers and the selfemployed
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 MOBILE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS

Four classes of mobile marketing
campaigns:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Information
Entertainment
Raffles
Coupons

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 The major objectives of these classes

fell into one of six categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Building brand awareness

Changing brand image
Promoting sales
Enhancing brand loyalty
Building customer databases
Stimulating mobile word of mouth

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 MOBILE MARKETING GUIDELINES

The basic principles of the Global Code
of Conduct for Internet marketing:

Notice
Choice and consent
Customization and constraint
Security
Enforcement and accountability

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 NEEDS OF THE MOBILE WORKFORCE

mobile worker
Any employee who is away from their primary
work space at least 10 hours a week or 25
percent of the time
Benefits of Mobile Workforce Support
Mobile workers can be divided into three segments:
Mobile professionals (senior executives and consultants)
Mobile field force (field sales and service technicians)
Mobile specialty workers (delivery personnel and
construction workers)

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 Some solutions widely used by the three

segments include:

Mobile office applications

Sales force automation (SFA)
Field force automation (FFA)
Mobile CRM (e-CRM)

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 Challenges of Mobile Workforce Support

Network coverage gaps and interruptions

Internetwork roaming
Mobile network and application performance
Device and network management
Bandwidth management

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 mobile entertainment
Any type of leisure activity that
utilizes wireless telecommunication
networks, interacts with service
providers, and incurs a cost upon
usage

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 MOBILE MUSIC AND VIDEO

MOBILE GAMES
Technology
Number of players
Genre

MOBILE GAMBLING

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 location-based m-commerce (l-commerce)

Delivery of m-commerce transactions to
individuals in a specific location, at a specific
time
The services provided through location-based mcommerce focus on five key factors:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Location
Navigation
Tracking
Mapping
Timing
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 L-COMMERCE INFRASTRUCTURE
Mobile devices
Communication network
Positioning component
Service or application provider
Data or content provider

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 Positioning Components
network-based positioning
Relies on base stations to find the location of a
mobile device sending a signal or sensed by the
network
terminal-based positioning
Calculating the location of a mobile device from
signals sent by the device to base stations
global positioning system (GPS)
A worldwide satellite-based tracking system
that enables users to determine their position
anywhere on the earth
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 Location-Based Data

Locating
Navigating
Searching
Identifying
Event checking

geographical information system (GIS)

A computer system capable of integrating,
storing, editing, analyzing, sharing, and
displaying geographically-referenced
(spatial) information
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 BARRIERS TO LOCATION-BASED
M-COMMERCE
Lack of GPS in mobile phones
Accuracy of devices
The costbenefit justification
Limited network bandwidth
Invasion of privacy

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 M-COMMERCE SECURITY ISSUES

Worms capable of spreading through
mobile phones
Open-air transmission of signals across
multiple networks opens up new
opportunities for compromising security
Mobile devices are easily lost or stolen

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 ETHICAL, LEGAL, AND HEALTH ISSUES IN

M-COMMERCE
The isolation that mobile devices can impose on a
workforce
Field service employees dispatched remotely visit the
office only briefly at the start and end of each day, if
at all
Not easy to separate work and personal life on a cell
phone, unless one is willing to carry two phones or two
PDAs
Health damage from cellular radio frequency
emissions
Monitoring staff movements based on GPS-enabled
devices or vehicles
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 pervasive computing
Invisible, everywhere computing;
computing capabilities embedded
into the objects around us
Invisible Computing

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 Principles of Pervasive Computing

Decentralization
Diversification
Connectivity.
Simplicity

Internet of Things

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 radio frequency identification

(RFID)
A short-range radio frequency
communication technology for
remotely storing and retrieving data
using devices called RFID tags and
RFID readers

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 RFID Basics
RFID Applications

Tracking
Tracking
Tracking
Tracking
Tracking

and identifying people

vehicles and commuters
animals
assets
product inventory

electronic product code (EPC)

A product identification standard that specifies
the manufacturer, producer, version, and serial
number of each (product) item
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 SENSOR NETWORKS AND SMART

ITEMS
sensor network
A collection of nodes, sometimes as small as
millimeters in length or diameter, capable of
environmental sensing, local computation, and
communication with its peers or with other
higher performance nodes
Sensor Networking Standards
Smart Applications

PRIVACY AND PERVASIVE COMPUTING

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1.
2.
3.
4.

What is your m-commerce strategy?

What is your timetable?
Are there clear technical winners?
Which applications should be
implemented first?
5. Is pervasive computing real?

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