Disaster Management

Indian Govt handling Disaster

Management and in
comparison with Japan

What is disaster
management ???
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption, loss of
human life, deterioration of health and health
services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area.
(W.H.O.)
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence
either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims
cannot alleviate without assistance.
American
Red Cross (ARC)

What is Disaster
Management

PHASES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money, manpower and materials
Evaluation
Location

from past experiences about risk

of disaster prone areas

Organization

of communication, information

and warning system

Ensuring

co-ordination and response

mechanisms

Indias Vulnerability to Disasters

57% land is vulnerable to earthquakes. Of
these, 12% is vulnerable to severe
earthquakes.
68% land is vulnerable to drought.
12% land is vulnerable to floods.
8% land is vulnerable to cyclones.
Apart from natural disasters, some cities
in India are also vulnerable to chemical
and industrial disasters and man-made
disasters.

Seismic Activity in India

180 AD - 2004

Distribution of epicenters of earthquakes greater than

magnitude 5.0 for the period 1976-2000, South East Asia and
Indian Ocean

Areas of Concern

Absence of a national level, state level, and

district level directory of experts and
inventory of resources.
Absence of a National Disaster Management
Plan, and State level and district level disaster
management plans.
Sustainability of efforts
Effective Inter Agency Co-ordination and
Standard Operating Procedures for
stakeholder groups, especially critical first
responder agencies.
Emergency medicine, critical care medicine,
triage, first aid

Lessons Learnt
Be

Prepared : Preparedness and

Mitigation is bound to yield more
effective returns than distributing
relief after a disaster.
Create a Culture of Preparedness and
Prevention.
Evolve a code of conduct for all stakeholders

Future Directions
Encourage and consolidate knowledge
networks
Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for
more effective preparedness, mitigation and
response (NSS, NCC, Scouts and Guides,
NYK, Civil Defence, Homeguards)
Increased capacity building leads to faster
vulnerability reduction.
Learn from best practices in disaster
preparedness, mitigation and disaster
response

Future Directions

Mobilising stakeholder participation of Self Help

Groups, Womens Groups, Youth Groups, Panchayati
Raj Institutions
Anticipatory Governance: Simulation exercises, Mock
drills and Scenario Analysis
Indigenous knowledge systems and coping practices
Living with Risk: Community Based Disaster Risk
Management
Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child
friendly, eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster
management
Technology driven but people owned
Knowledge Management: Documentation and
dissemination of good practices
Public Private Partnership

Disaster Management India Vs Japan

How

Disaster Management System

prevails in Japan in comparison with
India.
Illustration with details

Tsunami Disaster Mitigation

System in Japan
1.Bitter Tsunami Experienced
2.Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
3.Outline of Disaster Management System
4.New Challenges against Tsunamis

Historical Damaging Tsunamis along

Japanese Coast (in last 150 years)
Name (Magnitude)
Meiji-Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.5)

Year
1896

Dead or
Missing
22,000

Showa-Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami (M8.1) 1933

3,064

Tonankai Earthquake (M7.9)

1944

1,251 1)

Nankai Earthquake (M8.0)

1946

1,443 1)

1960

142

Tokachi-Oki Earthquake (M7.9)

1968

52 1)

Nihonkai-Cyubu Earthquake (M7.7)

1983

104 1)

Hokkaido-Nansei-oki Earthquake (M7.8)

1993

230 1)

Chile Earthquake (Mw9.5)

2)

1) The number includes dead or missing from earthquakes.

2) Tsunami generated at far off Japanese coast.
8

Tsunami Warning System Elements

Communication & Transmission of Tsunami Warning
to Localities & Civil Defense Authorities
TSUNAMI

Local
government
Central Government

Tsunami

Signboard

TSUNAMI

Radio
TSUNAMI

/Radio Station

TV Telops, Warning maps

13

Promoting Basic Knowledge about

TSUNAMI Disaster

Safe Evacuation
Route

Early
Warning
Understanding of
Hazardous Areas

Appropriate Risk
Awaweness of Local
Communities

Safe

16

Pictogram on Tsunami
Tsunami Hazard Area

There is a high possibility to

be flooded in this area
when earthquake occurs.

Tsunami Evacuation Area

Safe place/hill for evacuation

against Tsunami.

Tsunami Evacuation Building

Building for evacuation

against Tsunami.

21

Tsunami Hazard Maps

Purpose
- Identifying and showing vulnerable areas
- Enhancing peoples awareness
Showing information on
disaster risks and
evacuation routes, etc.
Letting residents in
coastal areas and visitors
know the hazard map
through various
opportunities
Tsunami drills
Tsunami Hazard Map Susaki City

National Government prepared a guideline for help local

authorities to make and use hazard maps.

28

4. New challenges against Tsunamis

47

Japan and its major seacoasts

Ja
Tr e pan
nc
h

a
im
h
is
Ch rench
T

Suruga
Trough
i
nka
a
N ugh
Tro

200 km

400 km

600 km

800 km

1,000 km

Seismic areas for reinforcing and

promoting disaster reduction
measures related to the Tokai,
Tonankai and Nankai Earthquakes
District (undesignated) for
promoting seismic disaster
reduction measures related to
earthquakes along the Japan Trench
and the Chishima Trench

48

Possible large-scale earthquakes and

tsunamis in Japan
Tokyo Inland EQ

Tokai EQ

Tonankai &
Nankai EQ

Japan Trench &

Chishima
Trench EQs

49

Estimation of damage caused by possible EQs

(by technical investigation committees of Central Disaster Management Council)

(Maximum
cases)

Victims
(persons)

Tokai
EQ

Tonankai
Nankai
EQ

9,200
(7,900

18,000
(8,600

by strong tremors)

by tsunamis)

Kobe EQ
1995
6,436

Houses

260,000

360,000

105,000

Economic
loss

37,000

57,000

10,000

destroyed

(billion yen)

51

Earthquake Disaster Risk Reduction Strategy

(formulated by Central Disaster Management Council on 30 March 2005)

Setting an overarching goal

for disaster risk reduction in the next decade

To halve the estimated death toll and economic loss

Tokai EQ
Death toll : 9,200 persons 4,500
Economic Loss : 37 trillion yen 19 trillion yen
Strategic goal (ex.)
- Increase the ratio of retrofitted houses : 75% (2003) 90% (2015)

Tonankai & Nankai EQ

Death toll : 17,800 (8,600 by tsunamis) 9,100
Economic Loss : 57 trillion yen 31 trillion yen
Strategic goal (ex.)
- Every municipality at risk is expected to develop hazard maps in 2015 54

Communities

last resort

Need to build communities resilient to disasters,

including through enhancing public awareness
and developing hazard mapping
How the affected people were
rescued in case of Great HanshinAwaji EQ?
approx. 35,000 persons

Police, Firefighting,
Self-defense Force

23%

77%
Families
Neighbors
55

Future Directions India

Having

the

lessons

learnt

both

from

its

own

disasters and from Other prepared Countries

following directions are suggested for India

Inclusive, participatory, gender sensitive, child friendly,

eco-friendly and disabled friendly disaster management

Technology driven but people owned

Knowledge Management: Documentation and

dissemination of good practices

Public Private Partnership

Iswarya N (X J
Sec)