Effect of EGR on Diesel

Engine.
Guided By
Prof. Lakshmipathi
SMBS

Presented By
Vikas Kumar
11MEE0038

Introduction
Exhaust gas recirculation is a nitrogen oxide
emissions reduction technique used in petrol, gasoline
and diesel engines.

EGR works by recirculating a portion of an

engine's exhaust gas back to the engine
cylinders.
In a diesel engine exhaust gas replaces some
of the excess oxygen in the pre-combustion
mixture.

NOx forms by the mixture of nitrogen and

oxygen is subjected to high temperature the
lower combustion chamber temperatures caused
by EGR reduces the amount of NOx the
combustion generates.

Most modern engines now require exhaust gas

recirculation to meet emissions standards.

Introduction about NOx

NOx is a generic term for mono-nitrogen oxides
NO and NO2. Major sources are diesel
engines.NOx formation is depends upon
temperature (i.e. 2000k).

Working of EGR System

EGR is a useful technique for reducing NOx
formation in the combustion chamber.
EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's
exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders.
In C.I. Engines EGR :

1. Increased ignition delay.

2. Increased heat capacity.
3.Dilution of combustion mixture .

EGR Operating Conditions

There are three operating conditions. The EGR flow
should match the conditions
High EGR flow is necessary during cruising and
midrange acceleration
Low EGR flow is needed during low speed and light
load.
No EGR flow should occur during conditions when
EGR flow could adversely affect the engine operating
efficiency or vehicle drivability. ie, during engine
warm up, idle, wide open throttle, etc.

There basic parts of EGR include:

EGR Valve
Vacuum Modulator
EGR Cooler (Optional)
EGR Transfer Pipe

Classification of EGR
Based on operating condition
1. High EGR flow.
2. Low EGR flow.
3. NO EGR flow.
Based on temperature
1. Hot EGR.
2. Fully cooled EGR.
3. Partly cooled EGR.
Based on Pressure
1. Low pressure route system.
2. High pressure route system.

Why Exhaust Gas Only

The reasons for using exhaust gas are as follows:
Exhaust Gas is free and plentiful.
This gas acts as inert gas which does not burn
again when it is directed into the cylinder, it
only helps to reduce the intensity of the flame.
The exhaust gas has specific heat capacity
greater than that of the intake charge; it
increases the heat capacity of the intake air,
thereby decreasing the temperature rise for the
same amount of heat released in the cylinder.

Effect of EGR on the performance on the

Performance Diesel Engine with sunflower oil
methyl ester.

Figure shows the variations of NOx emissions of

diesel and sunflower methyl ester with and
without EGR.
The degree of reduction in NOx at higher at
higher loads.
NOx emissions in case of biodiesel blends without
EGR are higher than diesel due to higher
temperatures prevalent in the combustion
chamber.

Effect of EGR rates on NOx on a diesel engine

fuelled with jatropha bio-diesel blend.
Figure shows the variation of NOX emission of
JBD blends and DF with various EGR rates.
The important observation is that JBD blends
emitted NOX was slightly lower than that of DF, at
0% EGR.

Some Technical Issue.

Combustion Contamination
Exhaust gas from any combustion process may
have certain contaminants, air pollutants, and
liquid water.
These contaminants can be successfully
reintroduced into the combustion chamber but
may lead, over time, to serious combustion
degradation and instability, and shorter
component life.

Control System Stablity

Adding EGR into the combustion process
introduces further complexity that must be
carefully integrated into the entire engine control
system approach for successful operation.
For instance, if fuel quality changes over time, the
air/fuel ratio, ignition timing, air system rates,
and the EGR rate must be adjusted accordingly to
keep the combustion system stable and
emissions in compliance.

Materials and Durability

EGR systems may decrease long-term life of the
components affected, including the EGR coolers
and control valves, the pistons cylinder heads,
exhaust manifolds and sensors
To minimize or eliminate the potentially negative
impacts of EGR on engine components,
compatible components and designs must be used
that often require thousands of hours of lab and
field test operation for validation.

Conclusion
Thermal efficiency of the engine are not affected
significantly by EGR.
Use of EGR technology to treat diesel exhaust
shows promise for meeting strict 2010 EPA
requirements.
Engines using EGR system could Significantly
reduce NOx gases.
Many of the four wheeler manufacturers used this
technique like Ford Company, Benz Motors etc. to
improve the engine performance and reduce the
amount of pollutants in the exhaust of the engine.

Refrences
1)Baert R S G, Beckman D E, Veen A 1999 Efficient EGR
technology for future HD diesel engine Emission targets.
2)Understanding Exhaust Gas Recirculation Systems by
Henry Guzman.
3)Heywood, John B., "Internal Combustion Engine
Fundamentals," McGraw Hill, 1988
4)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhaust_gas_recirculation.
5)http://www.fordscorpio.co.uk/egr.htm

Thanking You