Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
CHAPTER 4
PRESENTED BY KIRAN.SHETTY
Email id :kiran.shetty763@gmail.com
kiran.shetty763@gmail.
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PUBLIC POLICIES
Introduction: public policy is an attempt by a govt
to address a public issue by instituting
laws,regualtions,decisions.
Public policy : it is a basically a set of rules and
regulations set forth that the public is expected to
adhere to.
Public laws are a classic example of public policy
in the legality sense, while the laws of society are
those that are unwritten but are still expected to
be followed in public
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Economic policy :
Economic policy is of vital importance that affects
the business.
It deals with the tools that the government uses to
manage the economy or solve economic
problems
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Constituent policies:
It creates executive power entities or deal with
laws, it also deals with fiscal policy in some
circumstances.
Miscellaneous policies:
Polices are dynamic they are not just static lists of
goals or laws. Policy blueprints have to be
implemented, often with unexpected results.
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2. Domestic policy
It is an area of public policy which concerns laws
government programs, and administrative
decisions which are directly related to all issues
and activity within a nations borders.
It differs from foreign policy, which refers to ways
a govt advances its interests in world politics.
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3. Economic policy
Every economy has economy policy :
A few example of types of economic policy include:
1. Macroeconomic stabilization policy tries to keep
the money supply growing, but not so quick that
it results in excessive inflation.
2. Trade policy refers to tariffs,trade agreements
and the international institutions that govern
them.
3. Policies designed to create economic growth
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4. Education policy
It refers to collection of laws and rules that
govern the operation of education systems.
Education occurs in many forms for many
purposes through many institutions.
Ex: it include early childhood education, till 12
the school
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5.Energy policy
It is the manner in which a given entity has
decided to address issues of energy development
including energy, distribution and consumption.
The attributes of energy policy may include
legislation, international treaties, incentives to
investment, guidelines for energy conservation,
taxation and other public policy techniques.
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6.Environmental policy
It is useful to consider that environmental policy
comprises two major terms; environment and
policy.
Environment primarily refers to the ecological
dimension but also take account of social
dimension(quality of life) and an economic
dimension(resource management)
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7.Foreign policy
It is also called foreign relations policy, consists
of self interest strategies chosen by state to
safeguard its national interests and to achieve its
goals within the international relations milieu.
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8. Health policy
Health policy can be defined as the
decisions,plans, and actions that are
undertaken to achieve specific health care goals
within a society. According to world health
organization, an explicit health policy can
achieve several things: it defines a vision for the
future; it outlines priorities and the expeceted
roles of different groups; and it builds consensus
and informs people.
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Specific
Clear
Reliable
Appropriate
Simple
Inclusive
Flexible
Stable
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Industrial policy
Pros
Declines of U.S competitiveness
Use by other nations
Ad hoc system
Cons
Reduces market efficiency
Promotes political decisions
Foreign success variable
National attempts uncoordinated and irrational
privatization
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Types of regulation
Economic regulation
Interstate commerce commission
Civil aeronautics board(CAB)
Federal communication commission
Social regulation
Environmental protection agency
Occupational safety and health administration
Equal employment opportunity commission
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Benefits of regulation
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Costs of regulation
Direct cost
Indirect cost
Induced cost
Reduced innovation
Reduced investment in plant and equipment
Increased pressure on small business