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RIA NAIR
AKSHATA MARATHE
APARNA PILLAI VARUN
DHANYA PODUVAL MALHOTRA
KETKI MAHAJAN VISHAL JP
VISHAL PANSARE
RENUKA KULKARNI
YAMENI
NIKHIL NAIR
INTRODUCTION
It is another form of stressed skin roof and is sometimes called
folded slab construction.
The fold may take the form of a pitched roof, monitor roof or a
multifold roof in single or multiple bays with up stand or down
stand diaphragms at the supports to collect and distribute the
slabs to enable concrete to be introduced and vibrated openings
or windows can be left in the upper surface form work and these
will be filled in with slip in pieces after the concrete has been
placed and vibrated.
PRINCIPLE
Longer spans can be accommodated with relatively small
increases in weight by enlarging the lever arm of the structure; the
top and bottom chords of each slanted slab house the main
reinforcements while the shear stresses are absorbed across the
sloping sides. The folded plate acts as a beam and can support
even greater loads.
BASIC ELEMENTS :
The principle components in a folded plate structure are 1. The inclined plates.
2. Edge plates which must be used to stiffen the wide plates.
3. Stiffeners to carry the loads to the supports and to hold the
plates in line.
4. Columns to support the structure in the air.
FOLDED PLATES
CONCEPT
Folded plate roof is the other form of stressed skin or membrane in, which the stiffness of the skin
is, used to distribute the loading to the point of support and is sometimes called folded slab
construction.
The basic design concept is to bend or fold a flat slab so that the roof will behave as a beam
spanning in the direction of the fold.
FOLDED PLATES
TYPES OF FOLDING
THREE
SEGMENT
PLATE :-
FOLDED PLATES
FOLDED
TYPES OF FOLDING
Z SHELL : Dramatic architectural effect - if the structure can be
shown by a cantilever projected out beyond the support.
SUPPORTED
FOLDED
PLATES :-
FOLDED PLATES
TYPES OF FOLDING
FOLDED PLATE TRUSS
There are horizontal ties across the width only at the
ends of the building and the structure acts as an
edge supported shell.
The thrusts from the triangular crossed arches are
carried lengthwise to the ends. The top chord of the
inclined truss is formed by the ridge member.
FOLDED PLATES
TYPES OF FOLDING
TAPERED
FOLDED
PLATE
RIGID
FOLDED
FRAME :-
FOLDED PLATES
PLATES :-
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
If a flat slab is folded or bent, it can behave as a
beam spanning in the direction of the fold with a
depth equal to the rise of the folded slab.
When loaded , compression and tension stresses
will be set up at the top and the bottom of the
section respectively.
Each slab spans between the folds and must be
thick enough to span this distance and to have
sufficient stiffness, to distribute the loads
longitudinally.
End frames must be provided to collect the force in
the slabs and transfer them to the supports.
FOLDED PLATES
DESIGN PRINCIPLE
The base unit of a folded plate is assembled from a thin steel
reinforced concrete or steel surface that is bent to increase its
strength and allow it to span like a beam.
Folded plates have the primary bending stresses across their
inclined section with peak stress at the ridge. The depth of
the plates fold is proportional to its resistance to bending.
Folded plates can be made of reinforced concrete or the steel
but then can also be made of a mixture of concrete and
lightweight terracotta tiles, in order to reduce the overall
weight , or lightweight polymer mixture of concrete and fibre
glass.
Scored laminated timber sheets can also be used, resulting in
a much lower weight to span ratio.
This distribution of load through the depth of the steel
reinforcement concrete or steel section embeds the folded
plate with an affective property of pleating and arching that
remains consistent within any space it defines.
FOLDED PLATES
CONSTRUCTION METHOD
Perpendicular to the main span, the shell acts as short span
plates in transverse bending.
FOLDED PLATES
RIGID FRAME
FOLDED PLATES
PRISMATIC BARRELS
o The span and the width of each bay governs the overall depth.
This should not be less than between 1/10th and 1/15 of the
span , or 1/10th of the width , which is greater.
o The width of each slab is limited only by requirement of the
lateral stiffness which dictate the thickness.
o There are various methods of retaining the folds in position at
the points of support where the load is taken down to the
foundations they are as follows:
FOLDED PLATES
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
FOLDED PLATES
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
FOLDED PLATES
Used as Canopy
FOLDED PLATES
DISADVANTAGES
1.
Shuttering is expensive.
Centering is also costly.
2.
3.
FOLDED PLATES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FOLDED PLATES
FOLDED PLATES