PROJECTION OF POINTS

ENGINEERING DRAWING

INTRODUCTION : An object is represented by drawing the boundaries of all the surfaces

of the object.
The boundary of a surface may be made up of straight lines or curved
lines or both. As each curve or straight line is logically made up of
number of points, the theory of orthographic projections starts with
projection of points.

Reference Line XY

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION TOP VIEW AND

BOTTOM VIEW

When planes of projection are extended beyond their line of intersection, they form
FOUR QUADRANTS

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTION FRONT, TOP AND

SIDE VIEW

FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION : When the object is situated in First Quadrant, i.e. in front of V.P. and
above H.P., then the projections on these planes obtained are called
First Angle Projection.
The front view is drawn above XY plane and the top view, below
XY plane.
In front view, H.P coincides with XY plane and in top view, V.P
coincides with XY plane.

 Third Angle Projection :- The object is situated in 3rd Quadrant. The

front view comes below XY plane, and top view above XY plane.
BIS recommends the use of first angle projections in line with ISO
specifications all around the world.
Positions of points in space:-

NOTATIONS TO BE FOLLOWED :1. Actual points in space are to be denoted by

capital letters i.e. A,B,C .
2. Their front views are denoted by
corresponding lower case letters with dashes
a,b,c and their top views by a,b,c
3. Projectors are drawn as continuous thin lines.

Example for a First Angle Projection :-

Classwork to do :-

1.

Four points in a plane are in such a way that,

Point A is 20 above H.P and 30 in front of V.P, Point B is 20 above H.P and 30 behind V.P ,
Point C is 20 below H.P and 30 behind V.P , Point D is 20 below H.P and 30 in front of V.P.
Draw the projections for each of the points on reference line XY.

2. A point P is 20 above H.P, 25 in front of V.P, and 30 in front of P.P (Profile Plane). Draw the front,
top and side views of the point.
3. A point A is 15 above H.P and 20 in front of V.P. Another point B is 25 behind H.P and 40 below
V.P. Draw the projections of A and B, keeping the distance between projectors equal to 90 .
Draw the straight lines joining top views and front views

Classwork to do :4.

A point at 25 above the reference plane xy is in the front view of two points A and B.
The top view of A is 40 behind V.P and the top view of B is 50 in front of V.P.

Draw the projections of the points and state their positions relative to the planes of projection
and the quadrants in which they lie.
5. A point A is 20 above H.P and is in first quadrant. Its shortest distance from the reference
line XY is 40. Draw the projections of the point and determine the distance from V.P.