JIET SCHOOL OF

ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY FOR GIRLS

A SEMINAR ON :
PLC AND SCADA
SUBMITTED TO:

PROF.
JITENDRA
PRAJAPAT

SUBMITTED BY:

DEEPIKA MANGLIYA
12EJTEX022

Contents:
PLC
SCADA
Conclusion

PLCWhat is PLC?
History

of PLC
Major components of PLC
Operational sequence of PLC
Ladder logic
Example of starting and stopping
of a motor
Advantages
Disadvantages

What is PLC?
PLC is a digital computer designed
for multiple inputs and output
arrangements, extended
temperature ranges, immunity to
electrical noise, and resistance to
vibration and impact. A PLC is an
example of a real time system.

History of PLC
PLC

was introduced in late 1960s

First commercial & successful Programmable Logic
Controllers was designed and developed by Modicon
as a relay replacer for General Motors.
Earlier, it was a machine with thousands of electronic
parts.
Later ,in late 1970s,the microprocessor became
reality & greatly enhanced the role of PLC permitting
it to evolve form simply relay to the sophisticated
system as it is today.

Programming Languages of PLC

Most common languages
encountered in PLC programming
are:
1) Ladder Logic
2) Functional Block Diagram
3) Sequential Function Chart
4) Boolean mnemonics

Ladder Logic
The ladder logic is the oldest
programming
language for PLC.
It is well suited to express
Combinational
logic.
The main ladder logic symbols
make contact
represent the
elements :
break contact
relay coil

Block diagram of a PLC

LED
s

Inputs

Output
s

Advantages of PLCs:

Reliability.

Flexibility in programming and

reprogramming.
Cost effective for controlling complex
systems.
Small physical size, shorter project time.
High speed of operation.
Ability to communicate with computer
systems in the plant.
Ease of maintenance /troubleshooting.
Reduced space.
Energy saving.

Disadvantages of PLCs
PLC

devices are proprietary it means that

part or software of one manufacturer cant
be used in combination with parts of
another manufacturer.
Limited design and cost option
Fixed Circuit Operations.
PLCs

manufacturers offer only closed

architectures.

SCADA
Introduction
Architecture

Hardware
Software architecture
functionality
Development

tools

Introduction
What

is SCADA?

What

is data acquisition?

Where

and why, use of SCADA?

Application area :

Industrial processes : chemical, power generation

and
distribution, metallurgy,
Nuclear processes
: reactors, nuclear waste, ...
Experimental physics : HEP laboratories

Application size:

20 k I/O to 450 K I/O,

1 M I/O under development

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Architecture
Hardware
Software

13

SCADA architecture
Third
Generation
Networked

Hardware

Typical Hardware Architecture

SCADA

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Software
Architecture
Communication
Internal Communication
Access to Devices

Interfacing
H/W
Multiple communication protocols supported in a single
system
Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME

S/W

API
ODBC, DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
OPC Client and OPC Server
ActiveX Containers

Scalability

Database
Configuration DB, alarm DB, Archive DB, log DB and
RTDB resides in the memory of the servers
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Functionality
Generic

SCADA functionality

Access Control,
MMI,
Trending,
Alarm Handling,
Logging, Archiving,
Report Generation,
Automation.

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Functionality Contd..
Access

Control

Users - allocated to groups

group - defined read/write access

MMI
multiple screens
library of standard graphical symbols
dragged and dropped
zooming, re-sizing, scrolling...
Links - pages to navigate

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Functionality Contd..

Trending

based on parameters on specific chart

can be predefined or defined on-line
more than 8 trended parameters per chart
both real-time and historical trending
zooming and scrolling

Alarm

Handling

based on limit and status checking

handled centrally
E-mails can be generated

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Development Tools
Project editor
Graphics editor
Configuration through parameter
templates
Scripting language
Driver Development Tool Kit
And more

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Conclusion:
Wherever

automation is desired the PLCs are

best
suited to meet the task.
Few

examples of industries where PLCs are used :

1) Robots manufacturing and control
2) Car park control
3) Train control station system
4) Food processing
5) Materials handling
6)Machine tools
7)Conveyer system etc.

SCADA is a control system with

1) More frond end functionality
2) More interfaces and efficient storage
3) More record or device oriented
configuration
4) but System wide configuration tools are
needed
5) are less expensive than DCS, but offer
different functionality than DCS
6) And finally various applications

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Queries?

Thank you