An Electrochemistry-Based Battery

Impedance Model for Lithium-ion

Batteries

Leonardo Ramos

Outline

Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS)

Impedance Model of Lithium ion Batteries
Schematic of a Li-ion Battery
Internal Resistance (RS)

Inductance (L)
Double-layer Capacitance (Cdl)

Charge-transfer Resistance (Rct)

References

Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum

(EIS)

Schematic of a Li-ion Battery

Impedance Model of Lithium ion Batteries

Parameters:
L: electrode inductance.
RS: internal resistance.
Cdl: double-layer capacitance.
Rct: charge-transfer resistance.
5

Internal Resistance (RS)

Type of
Resistance

Internal resistance of cell (RS = ionic

resistance + electrical resistance +
interfacial resistance)

Ionic

Electrode (cathode and anode) particle

Electrolyte

Electrical

Interfacial

Between electrolyte and electrodes

Between electrode particles and conductive
additives
Between electrode and current collector
Between conductive additives and current
collector

Electrode (cathode and anode) particle

Conductive additives
Percolation network of additives in electrode
Current collectors
Electrical taps

Inductance (L)

The impedance of the Li-ion battery at high

frequency is dominated by its inductive behavior.
The inductance is attributed to:

the porosity of the electrodes;

the electrode geometry;
the conductive path formed by the terminals,
connectors and electrodes.

The inductance parameter is geometrical and not

electrochemical.

Double-layer Capacitance (Cdl)

A charge zone is formed on the layer between

the electrode and electrolyte.
Caused by the short distance and the large
surface in porous electrodes.

Charge-transfer Resistance (Rct)

Charge-transfer at the electrode interface in which

oxidation-reduction occurs:

Indicative of the kinetic rate of charge transfer

reactions.

As, Cdl is on the electrode surface, it occurs in parallel

to the electrochemical charge transfer reaction.
RCT//Cdl form a low-pass filter for the charge transfer
reaction. Cdl can only carry alternative currents with a
high frequency.

References

P. Moss, Study of Capacity Fade of Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery

With Continuous Cycling & Power Performance Modeling of
Energy Storage Devices, PhD Thesis, The Florida State University,
2008.

Jossen A. Fundamentals of battery dynamics, Journal of Power

Sources, 2006, 154:5308.

Mantia, F. A., Characterization of Electrodes for Lithium-Ion

Batteries through Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
and Mass Spectrometry, PhD Thesis, ETH ZURICH, 2008.

D. Linden, Handbook of Batteries, 3rd edition, McGraw-Hill,

2002.

M. Park, et al., A review of conduction phenomena in Li-ion

batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 2010, v. 195, p. 7904-7929.

L.H.J. Raijmakers, et al., Sensorless battery temperature

measurements
based
on
electrochemical
impedance
spectroscopy, Journal of Power Sources, 2014, v. 247 , p. 539-544.

10