Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Introduction to Networking
Network Concepts
The Network Model
Network Protocols
Communications Medium
Network Hardware
Troubleshooting
The Network Model
How does the network interact?
Data Link
Packages raw data into data
frames
Physical
Bits -> signals
Signals -> bits
Manages hardware interface
IEEE 802 Standards
Category Description
802.1 Internetworking
802.2 Logical Link Control (LLC)
802.3 Carrier-Sense Multiple Access w/ Collision Detection
(CSMA/CD) LANs (Ethernet)
802.4 Token Bus LAN
802.5 Token Ring LAN
802.6 MAN
802.7 Broadband
802.8 Fiber Optic
802.9 Integrated Voice and Data Networks
802.10 Network Security
802.11, Wireless Networks
802.11b
802.12 Demand Priority Access LAN, 100 VG-AnyLAN
Network Protocols
The format and procedure that governs the transmitting and
receiving of data in a network.
IP
Internet Protocol
IPX
Internetwork Packet
Exchange
NetBEUI
NetBIOS Extended User
Interface
Transport Protocols
A communications protocol responsible for establishing a connection
and ensuring that all data has arrived safely. It is defined in layer 4 of
the OSI model. Often, the term transport protocol implies transport
services, which includes the lower-level data link protocol that moves
packets from one node to another.
NetBIOS/NetBEUI
Network Basic Input/Output
System
NetBIOS Extended User Interface
SPX/NWLink
Sequenced Packet Exchange
TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Application Protocols
A set of rules and formats (semantic and syntactic) that determines
the communication behavior of application entities in the
performance of application functions.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol
NCP
NetWare Core Protocol
NFS
Network File System
SMB
Server Message Block
SMTP
Simple Mail Transport Protocol
SNMP
Simple Network Management Protocol
Communications Medium - Cable
Category Cable Type Application
RG-58 10Base2 Coaxial 10Mbps data
Cat 1 UTP Analog voice
Cat 2 UTP Digital voice
Cat 3 UTP/STP 16Mbps data
Cat 4 UTP/STP 20Mbps data
Cat 5 UTP/STP 100Mbps data
Cat 6 UTP/STP 155Mbps data
(proprietary)
Cat 7 UTP/STP 1000Mbps data
(proprietary)
Network Topology and Standards
Hardware connection method and layout
Star
• Connected by branches to central device
• Central device controls communication
• Synchronized activity with polling cycles
Bus
• Nodes connected to central media
• Broadcast mode = Data collisions
Ring
• Media forms a closed loop
• Node checks data as it passes
• Repeaters regenerate messages
Network Hardware
Network Adapters
Hubs
• passive
• intelligent
• switching
Switches
Routers/Brouters
Connection Points
Residential Gateways
Planning and Maintenance
Considerations:
Cost
Location/Distance
Potential Growth
Security and Reliability
Disaster Recovery
Troubleshooting – Hardware
Hardware Issues:
Compatibility
Drivers
Bottlenecks (CPU, RAM)
System Resources (IRQ,
I/O)
Software Issues:
Incorrect Configuration
Access Rights
Collisions
Protocol mismatch