What Is Organizational

Behavior?

Organizational
Organizational Behavior
Behavior

Organizational
behavior (OB)
A field of study that
investigates the impact
that individuals, groups,
and structure have on
behavior within
organizations, for the
purpose of applying such
knowledge toward
improving an
organizations

Definition
Definition && meaning
meaning
OB is the study of human behavior
The study is about behavior in organizations.
Knowledge about human behavior would be
useful in improving organization effectiveness.

Foundation
Foundation of
of OB
OB

Human Dignity

OB

Need for
Management

Individual Differences

Whole Person

Social System

Holistic Concept

Caused Behavior

Scope
Scope of
of OB
OB

Intra-Personal Behavior
Personality, motivation, learning,
etc
Inter-Personal Behavior
Conflict, power & politics, etc
Organizations
Structure, culture, change, etc

Importance
Importance of
of OB
OB
OB helps an Individual
understand himself and
others better
OB is useful for
maintaining cordial
industrial relations
OB is also useful in the
field of marketing
OB helps in understanding
Organization better

OB is useful in making predictions

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field
Basic OB model

Group
Level
Individual
Level

Organization
System
Level

OB
OB Detail
Detail Model
Model
Personality
Intelligence
Perception
Learning
Attitudes
Motivation

Individual
Behavior

Management
Group & Team
Dynamics
Leadership
Power & Politics
Conflict

Group
Behavior

Organizational
Culture
HR Policies
Work stress
Organizational
change

Organization

Organizational
Effectiveness

Toward
Towardan
anOB
OBDiscipline
Discipline

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field
Psychology
The science that seeks to measure, explain,
and sometimes change the behavior of
humans .

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (contd)
(contd)
Sociology
The study of people in relation to their fellow
human beings.

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (contd)
(contd)
Social Psychology
An area within psychology that blends concepts
from psychology and sociology and that focuses
on the influence of people on one another.

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (contd)
(contd)
Anthropology
The study of societies to learn about human
beings and their activities.

Contributing
Contributing Disciplines
Disciplines to
to the
the OB
OB Field
Field (contd)
(contd)
Political Science
The study of the behavior of individuals and
groups within a political environment.

OB
OB Model
Model

Autocratic
Model

Management does the thinking,

employees obey the orders!

SuitabilityIn situation where

workers are lazy and
have a tendency to
shirk work
where work to be
done is time bounded

Applicability nowadays, this

model is not
applicable in the
strict sense
workers are
educated , cannot be
dictated by managers
all the time

OB
OB Model
Model
This model came into existence in order to
Custodial
Model

improve employer- employee relation by

providing them economic security.

Features or positives
Emphasizes on economic rewards and benefits
For motivation, security needs are required
Employees depend upon organization and not on their bosses
Employees feel satisfied and secured under the management
Problems
Depends upon material rewards only for motivation
Psychological needs are ignored

OB
OB Model
Model
Supportive
Model

This model depends on leadership instead of

power or money!

Features or positives
leads to favorable organizational climate in which employees help themselves
to grow to their greater capacities.
leader assumes that the worker will take responsibility and make qualitative
contributions, if given a chance.
management support employees in improving job performance, rather than
simply giving them payments.
Problems
limited application in developing countries where majority of workers are
below poverty line.

OB
OB Model
Model
Collegial
Model

This model is based upon the partnership

between employees and the management!

Features or positives
Workers feel associated with organization
team spirit is instilled

workers

experience

job

satisfaction,

job

involvement,

commitment
useful in research laboratories and similar work situations
Problems
bosses are treated as joint contributories
conflicting opinions
fluctuating discipline

job

Comparative
Comparative view
view of
of OB
OB Models
Models
Basis

Autocratic

Custodial

Supportive

Collegial

Basis of
model

Power

Economic
Resources

Leadership

Partnership

Managerial
Orientation

Authority

Money

Support

Teamwork

Employee
Orientation

Obedience

Security &
benefits

Job
performance

Responsible
behavior

Employees
psychological
Result

Dependence
on boss

Dependence
on
organization

Participation

Self- discipline

Employee
Needs

Subsistence/
Survival

Security

Status &
recognition

Self
actualization

Performance
Results

Minimum

Passive
cooperation

Awakened
Drives

Moderate
Enthusiasm

Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunities
Opportunities for
for OB
OB
Managing Workforce Diversity
Embracing(acceptance) diversity
Recognizing and responding to
differences
Gender
Gender
Disability
Disability
Race
Race

Age
Age

National
National
Origin
Origin

Non-Christian
Non-Christian

Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunities
Opportunities for
for OB
OB (contd)
(contd)
Improving quality & productivity

Total Quality
Management

Business
Process
Reengineering

Challenges
Challenges and
and Opportunity
Opportunity for
for OB
OB (contd)
(contd)
Responding to the Labor Shortage
Fewer skilled laborers
Early retirements and older workers
Improving Customer Service
Increased expectation of service quality
Customer-responsive cultures
Empowering(giving authority to) People
Stimulating Innovation and Change