SystemUnit

is the part of the computer which is responsible for

accepting and processing the data brought in by the input
devices.
responsibleforpassingtheresultinginformationto
theusersviatheoutputdevices.

 Main Circuit Board/Motherboard

central nervous system of the computer.

is

the

Port is a connection from the main circuit board

to a peripheral device such as a keyboard, a
printer, or a video monitor.

 Expansion slots are the long plug-in strips in

the motherboard.

 Expansion card is a printed circuit card with

circuitry that gives the computer additional
capabilities. Used to connect the following devices
to the motherboard such Disk drives, scanners,
external CD-Rom, Modems, Audio, TV tuner, and
networking.

 Bus is responsible for transporting electronic

signals.

Central Processing Unit/CPU is an integrated

circuit chip containing the electronic circuitry that
controls the interpretation and execution of
instructions.

3 Components of Microprocessor/CPU:
1. Control Unit/CU is the part of the CPU that
directs the step-by-step operation of the
computer.

2. Arithmetic/Logic Unit/ALU is capable of

performing arithmetic and logical operations.

3. Registers are high-speed temporary

storage areas which are used to hold both
instructions and data during processing.

3 Types of Registers:
1. Instruction Register holds instructions.

2. Buffer Register temporarily holds data

retrieved from the primary memory, prior to
processing.

3. Accumulator temporarily stores the results of

continuing arithmetic and logical operations.

Computer Memory/Memory used to holds data

and instructions before and after they are
processed.

2 Classifications of Memory:
1. Read-Only Memory/ROM where permanent
instructions are stored.
2.
Random-Access Memo/RAM where data
and instructions are temporarily stored.

Memory Equivalents:

Kilobytes/Kb. 1 Kb = 1,024 bytes

Megabytes/Mb. 1 Mb = 1,048,576 bytes

Gigabytes/Gb. 1Gb=1,073,741,824bytes

Tetrabytes/Tb. 1Tb=1,099,511,627,7776 bytes

Cache Memory is a place to keep something

safe. Also, a special set of very fast RAM chips
used to store data that that the CPU most
frequently receives from RAM. These chips are
called Static Random-Access Memory/SRAM.
Secondary Storage
is permanent storage that supplements
primary storage, or RAM.

a non-volatile storage.

2 Types of Secondary Storage:

1. Sequential-Access Storage Device is
stored and accessed in a set order.
Ex.

Reel-to-Reel tapes

Quarter-Inch Cartridges/QIC

2. Direct-Access Storage Device, sometimes

called Random Access, means that the data
stored in a specific location so that any data can
be found quickly.
Ex.
Floppy disk

Hard disk drive

CD-ROM

Flash drive

Reel-to-Reel Tapes it was backup storage

after disk storage was introduced.

Tape Cartridges/Quarter-Inch Cartridges

have greater capacity than reel-to-reel tapes.

Floppy Disk it is an inexpensive, removable

storage device used for storing relatively small
amounts of data.

Hard Disk Drive are absolutely essential for

most business PC applications where large
amounts of information are processed.

Compact Disk Read-Only Memory/CD-ROM

is an optical disk that holds approximately.

Flash Drive/Universal Serial Bus/USB consists

of a flash memory data storage device integrated with
a USB (Universal Serial Bus)

Courtesy of www.google.com

Assignment
1.
2.
3.

What is a Software?
What are the 3 types of Software?
Give at least 2 examples in each type of
software.