Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Reason for research by ENCI

Durabililty design service lifetime concrete structures
(up tot 200 years)
RCM testmethod in Duracrete model
Dutch standardcommittee (VC81)
development of prStandard on durability design
D is t r ib u t io n o f R (t )

R (t )
R ,S

Pf
S (t )
D is t r ib u t io n o f S (t )
M e a n s e r v ic e lif e

T im e

F a i lu r e p r o b a b ilit y

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T a r g e t s e r v ic e lif e

Pf

S e v ic e lif e d is t r ib u t io n

C(
x,t
)=

Cs

Probability
of initiation
of corrosion
of < 10%

Cs
-

?????

Ci
)e
rf

x
c crd c sd,cl 1 erf

t
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2 k c ,cl k e ,cl Dcl , 0 0
t

ncl

t R
cl

(x/
2

{K
tot

D0

t (t
0/t
)n

Cl
})

Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Testing program by ENCI
Purpose:
To gain experience with RCM-method;
Performance of ENCI-cements;
Judge the figures in the concept of VC 81
Correlation RCM TEM
Influence of several (concrete technological) parameters
R
V
min. 10 mm

hoogte

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Opp.

Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Technical Report (VC81):

DUURZAAMHEID VAN CONSTRUCTIEF BETON MET

BETREKKING TOT CHLORIDE-GENITIEERDE
WAPENINGSCORROSIE
Leidraad voor het formuleren van prestatie-eisen

Results of calculations based on Duracrete-model :

including environmental, material and curing parameters;
initial chloride-content = 0,1 % m/m - and critical chloride-content = 0,5% m/m to cement;
Surface chloride-content 1,5 % for atmosferic conditions and 3,0 % for XS2 and XS3;
Including safety marge on concrete cover of 17,5 mm (renforcement) and 27,5 mm (pre-stressed)
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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Program
Repeatability of the RCM-test and TEM
Influence of several concrete technological parameters:
Preparation sample (cast cilinder vs. drilled)
Maximum aggregate size (16 mm versus 25 mm)
Performance of ENCI-cements
Ratio of blastfurnace slag
Curing time
Hardening temperature
Sample age (hydration)
Watercement-ratio
Relation RCM - TEM

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Concrete.

Cast cilinders
Aggregate grading AB16 (Dmax = 16mm)
Consistancy Class S3
Environmental class XS3
Wcf 0,45; cement 320 kg/m3

Testmethod.

RCM: NT Build 492 (results are average out of 6)

TEM: (results are average out of 3)

Polder, R. B., 2000, Draft RILEM Technical Recommendation Test methods for on site
measurement of resistivity of concrete, Materials and Structures, Vol. 33, 603-611

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RCM - testmethod

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RCM - testmethod

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Repeatability
(six results; CEM I 52,5N)

Reference-cement CEM I 52,5N:

6 (x6) results during complete testing period

Average: 10,9 * 10-12 m2/s

Standard deviation: 1,75 * 10-12 m2/s

Average: 91,8 ohm.m

LL = 8,4 * 10-12 m2/s

Standard deviation: 8 ohm.m

HL = 15,2 * 10-12 m2/s

COV = 9%

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COV = 16 %

Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Preparation sample
(drilled vs. casting, CEM I 52,5N)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Aggregate size
(16 vs. 25 mm, CEM I 52,5N)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Performance ENCI-cement

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Ratio of ground granulated blastfurnace slag

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Curing time
(1, 3, 7 en 28 days under water; and than 20C, 60% RV till 28 days)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Hardening temperature
(5C, 20C en 35C testing by equal maturity)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Sample age (hydration)
(28, 56, 91, 182 dg. en 1 jr.)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Sample age (hydration)
(28, 56, 91, 182 dg. en 1 jr.)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Water Cement ratio
(0.45 versus 0.55 including variable ratio of
ggbfs)

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Correlatie RCM/TEM

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Correlation RCM/TEM

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Results RCM - TEM testmethods

Conclusion:
RCM is not discriminating for concrete with blended
cements (ggbfs and pfa)
RCM-testing at 28-days is unfavourable for blended cements
TEM is not discriminating for concrete with CEM I.

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Results Round Robin test on RCM

Objective:
Compare test results of different laboratories (10).
Concrete samples made by one producer (precast)
Concrete blocks 30 x 30 x 15 cm3

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Concrete mix 1

Concrete mix 2

Cement

CEM I 52,5 R

CEM III/A 52,5 N

WCR

0,50

0,45

Grading

0 32

0 16

Strength class

C45/55

C55/67

Results Round Robin test on RCM

Average: 7,09 * 10-12 m2/s

Standard deviation: 1,53 * 10-12 m2/s
COV = 22 %
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Results Round Robin test on RCM

Average: 2,46 * 10-12 m2/s

Standard deviation: 0,64 * 10-12 m2/s
COV = 26 %
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Results Round Robin test on RCM

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Results RCM - testmethod

Other parameters that may effect RCM - result

North-Sea Gravel and sand ?

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Results RCM - testmethod

Other parameters that may effect RCM - result

Steel-fibres
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Results RCM - testmethod

Other parameters that effects RCM - result

Steel-fibres acts as a sacrifice anode;

No chloride-migration at all !!
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