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MEANING
Transmission of socially appropriate
beliefs and behavior patterns to an
individual and making possible the
development of a self or personality
Process by which an individual
internalize many of socially approved
values, attitudes, beliefs and
behavior patterns of their culture
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Develop the skills and disciplines
which are needed by the individual
2. Instill the aspirations and values
and the design for living which the
particular society processes
3. Teach the social roles which
individuals must enact in society
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALIZATION
1.Socialization is vital to
culture.
2.Socialization is vital to
personality.
3.Socialization is vital to sexrole differentiation
ENVIRONMENTAL DEPRIVATION
SYNDROME
Parts of self
I
Preparatory Stage
-meaningless
imitation by
imitation
the infant
Play stage
-"taking the role of the other"
actual playing of roles occurs; but no unified
Game Stage
"generalized other
(people who do not have close ties to a child)
this is the completion stage of self-development;
the child finds who he or she is;
the child also must respond to simultaneous roles;
the individual can act with a certain amount of consistency in a variety of
Dramaturgy Approach
-assume that all the world is a stage
-refers to the way in which in daily activity we
alter ourselves to fir the audience we are
addressing
- pioneered by Goffman
ERIK ERIKSON
Psychological development
Concern with the feelings people develop toward
themselves and the world around them
JEAN PIAGET
Focused on thinking or cognitive development
Through interaction with their environment,
children acquire new ways of thinking and new
schemes
Process of learning to talk, to think, and to reason
covers social as well as psychological
phenomenon
Sensorimotor
Language acquisition
Concrete operations
Abstract thinking
LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
Moral development
Moral Stages:
1. Moral decision based on fear of punishment
2. The idea of rewards taken into account
3. Immediate punishments and rewards are not
necessary
4. Strict adherence to rule, emphasis on law and order
5. Adheres to social rules; morality is rooted in basic
human rights
6. Internalization of justice, compassion and equality
and human dignity guide decision
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
Socialization agents
- the persons or devices that act to carry out the
process of socialization
1.The Family
o
o
2. Peer Groups
People of approximately the same social position and age
Friendship group of age peers
Affects attitudes towards others
Peer group inclines towards uniformity and similarity of
behavior, values and attitudes
Provides a transition from dependence to independence
or adulthood
Consists of the many groups made up of children
Each peer group has its own system of rules and
regulations and its own language and activities, which
are supported by a child-oriented system of values and
beliefs
3. The School
A. Manifest function
B. Latent functions
Radio
Movies
Television
Social networking sites (SNS)
5.Workplace
New expectation from co workers and from the
employer
New norms
SOCIALIZATION IN ADULTHOOD
Anticipatory socialization
The process by which people learn to assume a role in the
future
Developmental socialization
The process by which people learn to be more competent
in playing their currently assumed role
Resocialization
Occurs when an individual is socialized to adopt a new
system of beliefs different from those he or she is first
socialized into
total institution (organizations that are relatively closed
off from the outside world and that follow a formalized life
routine under the control of bureaucratic staff)
Desocialization
- the process of stripping away self-images and
perspectives that are the results of previous
socialization
MODES OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Explicit instruction
- the socializer deliberately shows or tell the person
how to behave or what to believe
2. Conditioning and innovation
conditioning is the means of establishing a behavior
pattern by repeatedly associating a reward (positive
reinforcement) or punishment (negative
reinforcement) with the behavior
innovation occurs when a person acquires a
behavior pattern through experimentation