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THE NATURALIST
There is the ever present temptation to resolve a problem with UTOPIA(an imagined place or state
of things in which everything is perfect), this must be avoided because utopias vary with people.
Instead a very simple and basic views can ensure survival and life , which can be left to their own
devices.
Rather presenting in a narrative description of natural law this should be invested in people who
would be like ourselves but their attitude towards nature and to man, planning , management and
art would differ, Naturalist will be the name.
Their cosmography is more modest and not at all man centred.
Evolution is seen as a creative process ,retrogression(the process of returning to an earlier state,
typically a worse one) as reductive.
Creation and
reduction, evolution
and retroregression
are thought to be
attributes, examples
are :
Sand dune
1. Only few decades have
elapsed since the sand dune is
emerged, it is sparsely
populated by grasses and
herbs, supports bacteria and
insects, but no mammals.
2. Simple system.
The forest
3. Has existed for millennia, so it
represents highest
evolutionary expression.
4. Complex system
If one multiplies
simplicity, the
result is
uniformity.
The product of
complexities is
diversity.
The dune is result
of uniform
behaviour of sand
particles, their
angle of repose
and grasses bent
to the wind,
reflecting
sunlight.
The forest is
completely
diverse with large
number of species
environments,
pathways which
indeed are
Relative stability
and instability
Conclusion
The first giver is Sun ,
1. mountains have many attributes the bringer of rains,Iced and snow caps reserve water and rivers bring water to
us,
2. oceans are the second givers with home to ancient life,
3. chloroplast and the plant are the third givers,
4. the decomposers are the fourth givers, those that return all things
. Naturalist believe that man is natural but there are some special problems dealing with man
. Its is not as simple to examine amoeba or flatworm.
. The humans are influenced by various emotional factors also the environment both physical and social offer
maximum opportunity for the elaboration of each unique personality.
. The observed fact that life eats life and that death is not a problem in their cosmography.
. Naturalist are commited to acquisition of knowledgeand have a great realm of human understanding .
. They have in heir own company not only scientist but humanists who have espoused the ecological view.
A STEP FORWARD
Nilima & Nivedita
BACKGROUND STUDY
This chapter starts with the question can values which nature represents be weighed and
measured so that decent prudent men can act in deference to them ? Can same ecological
method be employed for complex problems?
A Highway is a major public investment which affects the economy, the way of life, health and visual
experience. So it should be properly located and designed.
In the highway design, the problem is reduced to the simplest and the most commonplace terms:
1. traffics,
2. volume,
3. design speed,
4. capacity,
5. pavements
6. structures,
7. horizontal and vertical alignment.
.These considerations are connected to cost-benefit and the consequences of this are seen in the
scars upon the land and in the cities.
Highways
The Highway is likely to create new values whether or not this is an act of conscious policy. Without
planning, new values may displace existing ones, but even if a net gain results there may well be considered
losses.
The issue was a simple one. Should the highway select the Greenbelt for its
route in order to reveal it to the public or should it serve the Greenbelt, but
avoid the destruction of transaction?
Example :
Bronx River parkway
Wildlife
values
Water and
air values
Highway
s
Institutiona
l and land
values
Residential
and
recreationa
l values
The transparencies of the first group are superimposed upon one another and from this a
summary map is produced that reveals the sum of physiographic factors influencing highway route
alignment. Each subsequent parameter is then superimposed upon the preceding until all
parameters are overlaid. The darkest tone then represents the sum of social values and
physiographic obstructions to a highways corridor; the lightest tone reveals the areas of least
social value representing the least direct cost for highway construction. The highway should be
located in that corridor of least social value and cost, connecting points of origin and destination.
Moreover, it should provide new values not only of convenience, but also of scenic experience
as a product of public investment.
Various attributes of
measuring the values of the
site:
Soil
Soil drainage
Bedrock foundation
Soil foundation
Susceptibility to erosion
Land values
Tidal inundation
Historic values
Scenic values
Water values
Residential values
Recreational values
Wildlife
Institutional values
forest