EXTREMITAS INFERIOR

HIP JOINT
KNEE JOINT
ANKLE JOINT
FOOT

MOVEMENTS AVAILABLE:
KNEE

Psoas

O: T12-L5 vertebrae,
transverse processes,
lateral bodies
and corresponding
intevertberal disks.
I: Femur, lesser
trochanter
Actions
Flexes the hip
Externally rotates the
hip
Innervation
Lumbar plexus
L1-L4

Iliacus

O: Ilium, iliac fossa

and ala of sacrum
I: Femur, lesser
trochanter
Actions
Flexes the hip
Externally rotates
the hip
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L1-L4

Rectus
Femoris

O: Ilium, anterior inferior iliac

spine (AIIS) and upper rim
of acetabulum
I: Tibia, tibial tuberosity via the
patellar tendon
Actions
Flexes the hip
Extends the knee
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L2-L4

Sartorius
O: Ilium, anterior superior iliac
spine (ASIS)
I: Tibia, medial shaft via the pes
anserine tendon
Actions
Flexes the hip
Abducts the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Flexes the knee
Internally rotates the knee
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L3-L4

Tensor
Fasciae Latae
O: Ilium, anterolateral lip of
iliac crest
I: Tibia, lateral condyle via
the iliotibial band
Actions
Flexes the hip
Abducts the hip
Internally rotates the hip
Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1

Vastus
Lateralis

O: Femur, greater trochanter,

gluteal tuberosity and proximal,
lateral lip of the linea aspera
I: Tibia, tibial tuberosity via the
patellar tendon
Actions
Extends the knee
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L2-L4

Vastus Medialis
Palpating
O: Femur, intertrochanteric line
and medial lip of linea
aspera
I: Tibia, tibial tuberosity via the
patellar tendon
Actions
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L2-L4

Vastus
Intermedius
O: Femur, proximal two-thirds
of anterior shaft and distal,
lateral lip of the linea aspera
I: Tibia, tibial tuberosity via
the patellar tendon
Actions
Extends the knee
Innervation
Femoral nerve
L2-L4

Pectineus
O: Pubis, superior ramus
I: Femur, pectineal line
Actions
Adducts the hip
Flexes the hip
Innervation
Femoral and obturator nerves
L2-L4

Adductor
Brevis

O: Pubis, outer surface of inferior

ramus
I: Femur, pectineal line and
proximal one-half of medial
lip of linea aspera
Actions
Adducts the hip
Flexes the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Innervation
Obturator nerve
L2-L4

Adductor
Longus
O: Pubis, between pubic crest
and symphysis
I: Femur, middle one-third of
medial lip of linea aspera
Actions
Adducts the hip
Flexes the hip
Innervation
Obturator nerve
L2-L4

Gracilis
O: Pubis, inferior ramus
I: Tibia, medial shaft via the
pes anserine tendon
Actions
Adducts the hip
Flexes the knee
Internally rotates the knee
Innervation
Obturator nerve
L2-L4

Adductor
Magnus
O:
Pubis, inferior ramus, ramus
of the ischium, and ischial
tuberosity
I: Femur, medial lip of linea
aspera, medial supracondylar
line, and adductor tubercle
Actions
Adducts the hip
Flexes the hip (anterior
fibers)
Extends the hip (posterior
fibers)
Innervation
Obturator and sciatic nerves
L2-S1

Gluteus
Maximus
O: Ilium, posterior iliac crest,
posterior sacrum, coccyx
and lumbar aponeurosis
I: Femur, gluteal tuberosity
and lateral tibial condyle via
the iliotibial band
Actions
Extends the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Abducts the hip (upper
fibers)
Adductus the hip (lower
fibers)
Innervation
Inferior gluteal nerve
L5-S2

Gluteus
O: Ilium, external surface
between iliac crest and the
Medius

anterior
and posterior gluteal lines
I: Femur, lateral surface of
greater trochanter
Actions
Abducts the hip
Flexes the hip (anterior
fibers)
Internally rotates the hip
(anterior fibers)
Extends the hip (posterior
fibers)
Externally rotates the hip
(posterior fibers)
Innervation

Gluteus Minimus
O: Ilium, external surface
between anterior and
inferior
gluteal lines
I: Femur, anterior border of
greater trochanter
Actions
Abducts the hip
Internally rotates the hip
Slightly flexes the hip
Innervation
Superior gluteal nerve
L4-S1

Piriformis
O: Sacrum, anterior surface
I: Femur, superior border of
greater trochanter
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Abducts the hip
Innervation
Sacral plexus
L4-S2

Superior
Gemellus
O: Ischium, external surface
of spine
I: Femur, medial surface of
greater trochanter
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Adducts the hip
Innervation
Sacral plexus
L5-S2

Inferior
Gemellus
O: Ischium, proximal part of
tuberosity
I: Femur, medial surface of
greater trochanter
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Adducts the hip
Innervation
Sacral plexus
L5-S2

Obturator
Internus
O: Ischium, inferior surface of
obturator foramen
I: Femur, medial surface of
greater trochanter
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Adducts the hip
Innervation
Sacral plexus
L5-S2

Obturator
Externus
O: Pubis and ischium, superior
and inferior rami
I: Femur, trochanteric fossa
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Adducts the hip
Innervation
Obturator nerve
L3-L4

Quadratus
Femoris

O: Ischium, lateral ischial

tuberosity
I: Femur, crest between
greater and lesser
trochanters
Actions
Externally rotates the hip
Adducts the hip
Innervation
Sacral plexus
L4-S2

Biceps
O: Long head: ischial
Femoris

tuberosity
O: Short head: lateral lip of
linea aspera
I: Fibula, head and lateral
condyle of tibia
Actions
Extends the hip
Externally rotates the hip
Flexes the knee
Externally rotates the flexed
knee
Innervation
Sciatic nerve
L5-S3

Semimembran
osis
O: Ischium, ischial tuberosity
I: Tibia, posteromedial portion of
medial condyle
Actions
Extends the hip
Internally rotates the hip
Flexes the knee
Internally rotates the flexed
knee

Semitendinosis
O: Ischium, ischial tuberosity
I: Tibia, medial shaft via the pes
anserine tendon
Actions
Extends the hip
. Internally rotates the hip
Flexes the knee
Internally rotates the flexed knee
Innervation
Sciatic nerve
L4-S

Popliteus
O: Femur, lateral condyle
I: Tibia, proximal posterior
surface
Actions
Flexes the knee
Internally rotates the knee

MOVEMENTS AVAILABLE:
FOOT

Tibialis
Anterior
O: Tibia, lateral condyle and
proximal half and
interosseous membrane
I: Medial cuneiform, plantar surface,
and base of first
metatarsal
Actions
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Inverts the foot
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Extensor Digitorum
Longus
O: Tibia,
lateral condyle, proximal
anterior fibula, and
interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges 2-5,
by four tendons to
dorsal surfaces
Actions
Extends the 2nd through 5th
metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Everts the foot
Innervation
Peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Extensor Hallucis
O: Fibula,
middle of anterior
Longus
surface and interosseous
membrane
I: First distal phalanx, base on
dorsal surface
Actions
Extends first
metarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal
joints
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Inverts the foot
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Peroneus
Longus

O: Tibia, lateral condyle, head

and lateral two-thirds of
fibula
I: First metatarsal and medial
cuneiform, lateral sides
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Everts the foot
Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Peroneus Brevis
O: Fibula, distal two-thirds of
lateral surface
I: Fifth metatarsal, lateral side of
tuberosity at base
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Everts the foot
Innervation
Superficial peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Peroneus
Tertius

O: Fibula, distal one-third of anterior

surface and
interosseous membrane
I: Fifth metatarsal, dorsal surface of
base
Actions
Dorsiflexes the ankle
Everts the foot
Innervation
Deep peroneal nerve
L4-S1

Gastrocnemius
O: Medial head: femur, posterior
medial condyle
O: Lateral head: femur, posterior
lateral condyle
I: Calcaneous, posterior surface
via the Achilles tendon
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Flexes the knee
Innervation
Tibial nerve
S1-S2

Soleus
O: Tibia, soleal line and posterior
surface, posterior head
and proximal surface of fibula
I: Calcaneous, posterior surface via
the Achilles tendon
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Innervation
Tibial nerve
L5-S2

Plantaris
O: Femur, distal part of lateral
supracondylar line
I: Calcaneous, posterior surface
via the Achilles tendon
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Flexes the knee
Innervation
Tibial nerve
L4-S1

Tibialis Posterior
O: Lateral, posterior tibia, proximal twothirds of medial
fibula, and interosseous membrane
I: Navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms 1-3,
cuboid, and bases
of metarsals 2-4
Actions
Plantarflexes the ankle
Inverts the foot
Innervation
Tibial nerve
L4-S1

Flexor Digitorum
O:
Tibia, middle of posterior
Longus

surface
I: Distal phalanges 2-5, by four
tendons to base of plantar
surfaces
Actions
Flexes the second through fifth
metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints
Plantarflexes the ankle
Inverts the foot
Innervation
Tibial nerve
L5-S1

Flexor Hallucis
O: Fibula,
distal posterior surface
Longus
and interosseous
membrane
I: First distal phalanx, base on
plantar surface
Actions
Flexes the first
metatarsophalangeal and
interphalangeal
joint
Plantarflexes the ankle
Inverts the foot
Innervation
Tibial nerve
L5-S2