HEAT TRANSFER

PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

II
GROUP THREE

INTRODUCTION
Heat is tranfered from one point of a substance to
another point through conduction convection and
radiation.
The efficient transfer of heat is usually done in
industries using heat exchangers.
Heat exchanger can be classified as parallel,
counter current or cross current heat exchanger.
Heat exchangers are normally made of double
pipes.

COUNTER CURRENT FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

PARALLEL FLOW HEAT EXCHANGER

THEORY
Heat transfer in a tubular heat exchanger is essentially by

conduction.
Heat flow in tubular heat exchangers is governed by
Total flow of heat per unit length is given by
Three conditions exist for heat transfer through the wall f a circular
pipe
the overall heat transfer Q is given by

It is convenient to describe fluid properties using

dimensionless numbers.
Material deposits known as fouling are detrimental to the
het exchange process.
Fouling is caused by scaling, corrosion, chemical reaction
freezing biological activities and particle size.
With fouling the overall heat transfer coefficient is

Log Nu/Pr0.4 Against Log Re

DISCUSSION
Fouling serve as extra resistance of the transfer of heattube than that of the
Fouled tube for the same flow rate of water consequently resulting in a higher
heat flux values for the clean tube that for the foul tube.
There is no drop in heat content of the air and therefore only small temperature
changes are observed between the two ends of the exchanger.
The following assumptions were made in this experiment;
1. There is no energy loss to the environment
2. Heat exchanger is at a steady-state
3. There are no phase changes in the fluids
4. Heat capacities of the fluids are independent of temperature
5. Overall heat transfer coefficient is independent of the fluid temperature and
position within the heat exchanger.

CONCLUSION
The objective of this experiment Is to evaluate various nondimensional numbers (Reynolds number) and thus
characterize the heat exchanger for air to water heat transfer.
To achieve this objective, it was necessary to experimentally
determine contributions of individual convective heat transfer
coefficients to the overall heat transfer coefficient U. Hence it
was realized that varying the flow rate can help determine the
relation between this non-dimensional number (Reynolds
number) and heat transfer coefficient U.

REFERENCES
Guillermo Araya University of Puerto Rico, Mayagez Campus,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, HEAT EXCHANGER ANALYSIS,
INME 4032 LABORATORY II, Spring 2004.
Srisawad, K., Wongwises, S., 2009, Heat Transfer Characteristics of a New
Helically Coiled Crimped Spiral Finned Tube Heat Exchanger. Heat and
mass transfer, 2009, Vol.45, no. 4: p381-391.
F. P. Incropera, D. P. DeWitt, T. L. Bergman, and A. S. Lavine,
Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 6th ed. (Wiley, 2007).
John H. Lienhard IV/V, "A Heat Transfer Textbook" 3rd ed. Page 3