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A
P
(1)
erfc(x)
1
x
where K is called conveyance. Since A and R are functions of z,
it can be seen that for the same z, different Q values may
z
belong, depending on the z/x term. This predicts a loop
Falling limb
rating curve.
z/x > 0
When z/x > 0 Q < Q| z/x =0
z/x < 0 Q > Q| z/x =0
all at a given z.
z fixed
z/x < 0
Rising limb of hydrograph
Q
R
Q
F
In hydrological flow routing the loop rating curve is replaced by the function
of Q=Q(z). This happens with routing techniques that rely on a first order
approximation of the St-Venant equations momentum eq., i.e., Sf = S0. This
approach is called the kinematic wave approach. One of the most widely
used such approaches is the linear cascade model where the stream-reach
is divided into a series of uniform linear reservoirs and water is routed
through these linear elements. It can be shown that the discrete version
(i.e., when using discretized data) of the model yields the same result as the
discrete diffusion wave model we just discussed. Flow routing techniques
are justified to be used on gently sloping rivers, and with gently rising flood
waves. They cannot account for so-called backwater effects, i.e., when
QQ(z).
Lab #8: Calculate the downstream flowrate at x=3600 m from the upstream
location if c=2 m/s, D=1;40;80 m2/s, t=60 s. The inflow values are: Qin =
t+10, when t=0,, 300 s; and 610-t, when t=300,,600 s. Explain what
happens as D is changing.
Use the following MATLAB script:
clear
c=2;
dk(1)=1;
dk(2)=40;
dk(3)=80;
x=3600;
dt=60;
tdt=linspace(60,3600,60);
qdt1=linspace(10,310,6);
qdt2=320-qdt1(2:length(qdt1));
qdt=[qdt1,qdt2]
qbe=qdt-10;
%Subtraction of the initial q value!
for i=1:3
d=dk(i);
for i=1:length(tdt)
sr(i)=.5*erfc((x-c*tdt(i))/(2*sqrt(d*tdt(i))));
end
u(1)=sr(1);
for i=2:length(tdt)
u(i)=sr(i)-sr(i-1);
%This is the UPR!
end
qout=10+conv(qbe,u);
%Adding the initial q value to the convolution result!
plot(qdt)
hold on
plot(qout,'--')
end