Yc Desy Tud 2013

DESY-TUD Meeting 09.08.
2013
Bunch Emission Simulation for the PITZ*

Electron Gun Using CST Particle StudioTM
Ye Chen, Erion Gjonaj, Wolfgang Mller,Thomas Weiland
09. August 2013 | TU Darmstadt | Fachbereich 18 | Institut Theorie Elektromagnetischer Felder | Ye Chen |
Contents
Introduction
CST field simulation
Eigenmode simulation for Gun 4.3 cavity
Solenoids simulation
CST PIC simulation
Modified simulation model
ASTRA particles import
Simulation results
Discussion
Cathode studies
Next steps
Introduction
Motivation
Main tasks
3D CST field simulations (Gun 4.1/4.3 cavity, Solenoids)
3D CST beam dynamic simulations
for different bunch charges
with homogeneous/inhomogeneous particle distributions
convergence study and comparisons to ASTRA
Cathode studies
Influences from materials, non-uniformities, on beam qualities
Emittance study
CST Field Simulation

Eigenmode Calculations
Simulation Model for Gun 4.3
Simulation results
Mode
100
100
180.64
179.90
Geometry Settings/mm
20
Field Ratio
1.04
Frequency
1.3019 GHz
0.5
Ez/(V/m)
55
x 10
mode
Ez
-0.5
Accelerating Ez field along z-axis

-1
-1.5
CST Field (Solenoids)

Simulation
Simulation Model Pos. of Main = 276 mm

for Solenoids Pos. of Bucking = -172 mm
Curr. of Main = 375 A
Curr. of Bucking = -31 A
Bzmax 0.2279 T
Bz(0,0,0) 10-7 T
Geometrical Settings/cm 1
Longitudinal B field
along z-axis
0.8
0.6
Bz
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
CST PIC Simulation

PIC Simulation Model
Particle Import
Interface
2D Particle Monitors: transversal/longitudinal
Bunch Parameters
& Fields Data
Bunch radius = 0.4 mm

Bunch charge = -1 nC
Bunch length = 21.5 ps
Rise/Fall time = 2 ps
Macro particles = 500 k
Cavity frequency = 1.30
GHz
Ez at cathode = 60.58 MV/m
Field ratio = 1.04
Bzmax = 0.2279 T
Min. mesh step= 0.01mm

Meshcell numbers: up to 1000M
Including PIC position monitor, phase-space monitors for momentum,
energy, velocity , 2D particle monitors and particle import interfaces
CST PIC Simulation
mesh resolution difference in

the cathode region between
eigenmode simulation and PIC
simulation can lead to field
interpolation at the cathode
plane
field interpolation within the
first meshcell between PEC and
vacuum
Solutions
keep the mesh resolution same,
but very mesh-consuming
Amplitude of Ez
Problem description
Imported longitudinal electric field

along z-axis for PIC simullation
field interpolation at
the cathode plane
modify PIC simulation model
CST PIC Simulation

Mirrored gun model for PIC
Goal
to improve the accuracy of the
field solution within a short
distance from the cathode
plane at z = 0
Implementation
send positrons & electrons at
the same time
all velocity directions reversed
Longitudinal E field in
the mirrored cavity
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
Ez
keep field ratio same
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1
-300
-200
-100
z
0
100
200
300
CST PIC Simulation

44
40
horizontal rms size of the beam along z-axis (Gun4.1)
3.5
3.5
30
33
2.5
25
CST-2 CST-3
1.52
20
rms
CST-5
CST-4
1.5
0.51
Discrepancy
for CST-3
0.5
0
0
Discrepancy
for CST-5
0
250
1500
Note that,
0.25
15
CST-1, z0.075mm
CST-2, z0.05mm
CST-3, z0.03mm, with original model
CST-4, z0.03mm, with mirrored model
CST-5, z0.015mm
ASTRA Simulation
Discrepancy with ASTRA for CST-3
Discrepancy with ASTRA for CST-5
500
0.5
z /mm
750
0.75
z/m
1
1000
10
5
Discrepancy /%
ASTRA
CST-1
2.5
Xrms
X /mm
/m m
35
0
1.25
1250
1.5
simulations with both of the models showed trends of convergence

better convergence rate with the mirrored model
CST PIC Simulation

ASTRA Particle Import
Astra2CST
Particles
z=z0, t(t0,t1)
Particles
t=t0, z(z0,z1)
Particle Import Interface

(CST-PS)
Input Data for ASTRA:

Lt=21.5E-3ns
rt=2E-3ns
LE=0.00055keV
sig_x=sig_y=0.4mm
Q =1nC
Ipart=500,000
Species=electrons
CST PIC Simulation

average energy of the beam along z-axis
10
9
8
CST-PIC simulation, z=0.01mm
ASTRA simulation
Ekin/MeV
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
50
100
150
z/mm
200
250
300
25
CST-PIC simulation, =0.01mm

ASTRA simulation
20
15
10
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
z/mm
300
350
400
450
160
horizontal rms size of the beam along z-axis
0
500
80
120
beam energy spread along z-axis
CST PIC simulation, =0.01mm

z
ASTRA simulation
60
80
40
40
20
50
100
150
z/mm
200
250
0
300
Discrepancy/%
Discrepancy/%
E/keV
Xrms/mm
CST PIC Simulation
40
CST-PIC simulation, z=0.01mm

ASTRA simulation
30
20
10
50
100
150
z/mm
200
10
bunch length of the beam along z-axis
0
300
250
80
7.5
60
CST-PIC simulation, =0.01mm
z
ASTRA simulation
horizontal normalized emittance

of the beam along z-axis
40
2.5
20
0
0
50
100
150
z/mm
200
250
300
0
350
Discrepancy/%
0
0
D iscrepancy/%
x,norm
z/m m
CST PIC Simulation
Discussion
Cathode Studies
Frequency-dependent isotropic
surface impedance model
Surface impedance:
Z
1
Z
2
Z
1
Gun 4.3 Cavity
: conductivity, : angular frequency
Z
1
Gun cavity material
Z
2
Cathode material
cathode plane at z = 0
Cathode Studies
Simulation performed
with bunch parameters: -1nC, 0.4mm(radius), 500k(particle numbers), 2ps/21.5ps\2ps

by using the same mesh resolution
during propagation time up to 80ps
at the same location, z=5mm
SPCH Field
Space charge field vs. time

in correspondence to various conductivities of cathode material
Time /ps
Summary & Plans

Summary
Field simulations for gun 4.1 & 4.3 done, desired fields produced
CST PIC results (1nC) on beam energy and spread, beam size, bunch length and
beam emittance obtained, compared to ASTRA. The discrepancy with ASTRA is
about 10%, 5%, 9% and 20%, respectively.
Simulations on cathode study showed the influence of the cathode material on

the space charge field.
Plans
Perform PIC simulations

for various bunch charges
with inhomogeneous particle distributions

Further study on the influence of cathode material on the beam qualities
Thanks for
your attention!

Yc Desy Tud 2013

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Enviado por

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DESY-TUD Meeting 09.08.

Bunch Emission Simulation for the PITZ*

for different bunch charges

with homogeneous/inhomogeneous particle distributions

convergence study and comparisons to ASTRA

Influences from materials, non-uniformities, on beam qualities

CST Field Simulation

Simulation Model for Gun 4.3

Accelerating Ez field along z-axis

CST Field (Solenoids)

Simulation Model Pos. of Main = 276 mm

CST PIC Simulation

2D Particle Monitors: transversal/longitudinal

Bunch radius = 0.4 mm

Min. mesh step= 0.01mm

CST PIC Simulation

mesh resolution difference in

Imported longitudinal electric field

modify PIC simulation model

CST PIC Simulation

keep field ratio same

CST PIC Simulation

simulations with both of the models showed trends of convergence

CST PIC Simulation

Particle Import Interface

Input Data for ASTRA:

CST PIC Simulation

CST-PIC simulation, =0.01mm

horizontal rms size of the beam along z-axis

beam energy spread along z-axis

CST PIC simulation, =0.01mm

CST PIC Simulation

CST-PIC simulation, z=0.01mm

bunch length of the beam along z-axis

horizontal normalized emittance

CST PIC Simulation

Gun 4.3 Cavity

: conductivity, : angular frequency

Gun cavity material

with bunch parameters: -1nC, 0.4mm(radius), 500k(particle numbers), 2ps/21.5ps\2ps

Space charge field vs. time

Summary & Plans

Simulations on cathode study showed the influence of the cathode material on

Perform PIC simulations

with inhomogeneous particle distributions

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