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Presented By

12/2001

Clutches

Aclutchisamechanicaldevicethatprovidesfor
thetransmissionofpower(andthereforeusually
motion)fromonecomponent(thedriving
member)toanother(thedrivenmember)when
engaged,butcanbedisengaged.
Inthesimplestapplication,clutchesconnectand
disconnecttworotatingshafts(driveshaftsor
lineshafts).Inthesedevices,oneshaftis
typicallyattachedtoamotororotherpowerunit
(thedrivingmember)whiletheothershaft(the
drivenmember)providesoutputpowerforwork.
Whiletypicallythemotionsinvolvedarerotary,
linearclutchesarealsopossible.
Inatorque-controlleddrill,forinstance,oneshaft
isdrivenbyamotorandtheotherdrivesadrill
chuck.Theclutchconnectsthetwoshaftssothat
theymaybelockedtogetherandspinatthe
samespeed(engaged),lockedtogetherbut
spinningatdifferentspeeds(slipping),or
unlockedandspinningatdifferentspeeds
(disengaged).
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Location of Clutches

Rearwheeldrive

Frontengine
Rearengine
Midengine

Frontwheeldrive

Construction Of Clutches

Coil spring pressure plate


(cover and pressure plate)

Splines to input shaft


Of transmission

44-3
Constructionof
theClutch
Clutch Disk or
Friction Disk

Pilot Bushing or bearing

Construction
oftheClutch

Pressure plate & cover


bolt to flywheel

Flywheel bolts
to crankshaft
When
If
there
unbolting
is a chance
pressure
you will
plate
be reusing
from the
pressure plate,
flywheel,
remove
make
bolts
alignment
evenly asmarks
not to
to flywheel
bend
the cover.
to maintain
REMEMBER,
proper
this
balance
is
BEFORE
under
high
removal
spring pressure.
7

Pilot bushing or bearing in center


of flywheel or crankshaft, supports
the end of input shaft

(friction disk) splined to transmissio


Input shaft

(throw-out bearing
T/O bearing) allows
to push on rotating
clutch fingers
Bolted to Crank
Bolted to flywheel - Applies
the spring force to clamp the
friction disk to the flywheel

(clutch fork) pushes


T/O bearing to release
8
rotating clutch

Pressure Plate
Releases friction disk
from flywheel

Moves pressure
Plate right
T/O bearing

Pivots

Clutch terms

Clutchdisengaged
Clutchpedalisinordown

Clutchengaged
Clutchpedalisoutorup

What would it mean if someone said the clutch p


Is engaged?
Make sure you know if you are talking abou
the clutch or the clutch pedal !!!
10

Throw out Bearing

(release

bearing)

Slidesontransmissioninputshaftbearing
retainer

11

Clutches

READ ON
12

Slipping clutch

13

Clutch Linkage

Canbeverycomplicated
Havetherightamountof

movementanddirection
withouttoomuchpedal
pressure
Wear
Motormounts
SpringtopullT/Obearing
away
Hastobelubricated
14

Clutch fork

T/O bearing
hooks here

Fulcrum point
15

Hydraulic clutch

Usesmastercylinderandslavecylinder
Usesbrakefluid
Mustbebleed

16

Hydraulic clutch
Nocomplicated
linkage
Caneasilycontrol
mechanical
advantagewith
pistonsizes
Selflubricating
Nomotormount
problems
Service just like you would hydraulic

brakes
17

Slave cylinder

Some are adjustable


for free-play and
some not

18

Cable clutch

Nocomplicated
linkage
Flexibility
Nomotormount
problems

19

Friction disks

Oftenmadeof
asbestos
Mustbeputin
onlyoneway
Usuallymarked
Clutchwont

releaseifwrong

20

Friction disks

Cushionsprings
Wavedmetalbetweenclutchhalf's
Dampenclutchengagement

21

Friction disks

Torsionalsprings
Canbespringorrubber
Dampenpowerimpulsesfromcrankshaft

22

Torsional Springs
Has pins to limit amount of twist.
Springs try to keep it centered between pins.

Springs sometimes get weak and start rattling or fall out


23

Clutch disks
Friction material isnt very thick.
Minimum thickness around .012

12/2001

24

Types of Clutches

(pressure

plates)

Coilspring
9spring
12spring

3fingersforT/O
bearingtopush
on

25

Diaphragm-Spring
Clutches

26

Diaphragm-Spring Clutches

27

Centrifugal Clutch

ThefastertheRPM,theharderthe
clutchdiskissqueezed

28

Multi-plate Clutch

29

Conical Clutch

30

Clutch Safety Switch

Preventsfromcrankingwithclutch
engaged
Somestandardtransmissionswontlet
youtakethekeyoutandlockthe
steeringcolumnwithoutthe
transmissioninreverse
Preventssteeringlockwhilemovingforward

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Checking pressure plate for


warpage

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Clutch Disk Replacement

Verywiseto:
Haveflywheelsurfaced(even with no runout or hot spots)
Replacepilotbushingorbearing
ReplaceT/Obearing
Replacepressureplate(cover,plate

springs)

33

Clutch Disk Replacement

Verywisetoinspect&replaceas
necessary:
Clutchfork&pivot
Inputshaftbearingretainerontransmission

(whereT/Obearingslides)
Linkage,cableorhydrauliccomponents
Motormounts
Flywheelringgear

34

Universal clutch alignment


tool

Selectendthatfitstightinpilotbushing
orbearing

35

Universal clutch alignment


tool

36

Universal clutch alignment


tool

37

Clutch Alignment tools


(pilot shaft)

38

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