B6D4E1

B6D5E1

AMAELIA
MIRA FARHANA
ZULAIKHA AQILA

IMPORTANCE OF TAKING NUTRTIOUS FOOD TO

ENSURE THE HEALTH OF THE MOTHER AND
HEALTHY GROWTH OF THE FOETUS

A pregnant woman must eat

enough nutritious food
because the foetus gets
nourishment from her.
Carbohydrates and fats:
Required to suply energy to
the mom and the foetus.
Bread, rice, butter
Vitamins:
Vitamins build up an
expectant mothers
resistance against diseases.
Vitamin D helps in the
formation of strong bones in
the foetues.
Fruit and vegetables.

Proteins:
This is required by the foetus
to build body tissues and for
growth.
Fish, eggs,milk

Mineral salts:
Mineral salts are essential
for good health. Calcium is
required for the formation of
bones. (Anchovies, shrimps)
Iron is needed for the
formation of haemoglobin.
(Liver and leafy vegetables)
Folic Acid builds up
resistance against diseases/

THE EFFECTS OF
CIGARETTE SMOKE
ON THE FOETUS

Body and Lungs

Undersize babies tend to have
underdeveloped bodies. Their
lungs may not be ready to
work on their own, they may
spend
their
first days or
Brain
Functions
Weight
and size
weeks
attached
to a
Smoking
during
some women
may
respirator.
After
they're
pregnancy
can
have
welcome
the
prospect
breathing
their own,
these
Heartoneffects
lifelong
on your
ofBabies
delivering
acontinuing
smaller
babies
maybrain.
have
whose
motherof
baby's
Children
baby,
stunting
a
baby's
breathing
problems
(because
smoked
in the first
pregnant
smokers
are
growth
in
the
womb
can
of delayed
lunglikely
trimester
ofdevelopment
pregnancy
especially
to
have
negative
or other
effects
of
are adverse
more
likely
to have
have
learning
disorders,
consequences
that
last
nicotine)
Children
whose
a heart
defect
at birth.
behavioral
problems,
a lifetime.
mothers
smoked low
during
and relatively
IQs.
pregnancy are especially
vulnerable toasthma, and
have double or even triple the
risk ofsudden infant death
syndrome(SIDS).

IMPORTANCE OF AVOIDING
THE INTAKE OF
SUBSTANCES WHICH ARE
HARMFUL TO THE FOETUS

Smoking
A pregnant woman should not
smoke. Nicotine from tobacco
smoke rapidly stimulates the heart
of the foetus. Nicotine slows down
the growth of the foetus.

Other Drugs
A pregnant woman should not
take any drugs without a
doctors prescription. Strong
drugs can affect the normal
growth and development of the
foetus. Marijuana can cause
deformity in the foetus.

Alcohol
Alcohol taken by an
expectant mother can
damage the brain cells of
the foetus. Later the babys
mental ability will be
decreased.

METHODS IN BIRTH CONTROL

THE CONDOM
A condom is a strong thin latex tube
closed at one end. It is used to
cover the erect penis before sexual
intercourse. The condom traps the
sperms which are ejucalated and so
prevents them from getting into the
vagina.
SPERMICIDES
Spermicides are chemicals
which kill sperms. Spermicides
may
in the form
of a jelly,
THEbe
RHYTHM
METHOD
cream
foam. sexual
A permicide
is
In thisor
method
intercourse
inserted
intoduring
a vagina
is avoided
the before
fertile period
secual
intercoarse.
of each month. This method
assumes that the fertile period is
from the 11th day to the 17th day
of the menstrual cycle. Sexual
intercourse is not carried out
duting this period.

CONTRACEPTIVE PILLS
These pills contain female sex
hormones which prevent the
ovaries from releasing the egg
cells. These pills must be
prescribed by a doctor. They should
not take by women who have
diabetes or liver diseases. Some
side effects of these pills include
LIGATION
DUCTS
migraine OF
andSPERM
blood clots.
Each sperm duct is tied up (ligated)
at
two places andDEVICE
cut in between.
INTRAUTERINE
(IUD)
This
prevents
sperms
from
theplastic
testis
An IUD consists of a flexible
travelling
sperm
duct.
coil whichthrough
is fittedthe
into
te uterus.
This must be done by a doctor. The
IUD prevents a fertilized egg cell
(zygote) from attaching itself to the
uterus wall. The IUD can cause
severe bleeding during
menstruation, the embryo to
develop in the Fallopian tube and
infection of the pelvis

ABUSE IN BIRTH
CONTROL METHODS

Efforts to manipulate another persons

use of birth control or to undermine
efforts to prevent an unwanted
pregnancy. Examples include replacing
birth control pills with fakes,
puncturing condoms and diaphragms,
or using threats and violence to
prevent an individuals attempted use
of birth control. A related concept,
contraceptive fraud, is intentional
misrepresentation regarding the use of
or need for birth control.

ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF BIRTH
CONTROL METHODS TOWARDS
SOCIETY

ADVANTAGES
Birth control helps the
Birth control allow
young
prevent
unwanted
Birthtocontrol
allows
a
a woman who is in
pregnancies.
The
young
couple
to plan
the
size
Birth control
allows
a
poor health to
should
physically
of
thebecome
family,toand
poor
family
limit
decide whether to
and
sexually
decide
whenmature
to have
the
number
of
have on or two
enough
before they
an
additional
childare inn
children
children or none at
a position to raise a family
all

DISADVANTAGES
Birth control can be
misused by the young
and encourage them to
practice free sex

Birth control can lead to

a grey society i.e a
society in which there are
more elderly people than
young people

IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH IN
HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Research on human
reproduction helps us to
find safer and more
effective methods of
overcome sterility and
birth control

If the world population is

large, there will be
difficulity in
educating the people
providing health
services to the people
feeding the people
finding jobs for the
people

Research can help us to

find ways to control the
ever-increasing world
population
Research can find ways
to enable us to live
healthier and longer

THANK YOU