PRE CAST CONCRETE

CE152P/ A2 GROUP 3
MORENO, Anne Jadeite G.
MUNOZ, Samantha
Danielle M.
NAVAL, John Benedic R.
NIEBRES, Armin Nino C.
PAGUIA, Clarissa C.

PRE CAST CONCRETE

Niebres, Armin Nio

C.
CE152P/A2

PRE-CAST CONCRETE UNITS

A construction product produced by

casting concrete in a reusable moldor
"form" which is then cured in a
controlled environment, transported to
the construction site and lifted into
place. In contrast,standard concreteis
poured into site-specific forms and
cured on site.

MAJOR GROUPS OF PRE-CAST

CONCRETE
1.

Structural Pre-cast Concrete Units

2.

Architectural Pre-cast Concrete Units

STRUCTURAL PRE-CAST CONCRETE

Structural Pre-cast concrete are the

group of pre-cast concrete units which
has the highest quality and strength. It
is because most of these kinds of units
are parts of the basic essentials of
every building or structure

BEAMS

A structural member of reinforced

concrete that is placed horizontally
to carry loads over openings.
It is pre-casted depending on its
use and difficulty of creating
formworks if the position of a
certain beam is dangerous.

COLUMNS

Pre-cast concrete columns may be

single or double storey height.
Foundation connection may be via a
base plate connected to the column or
by reinforcing bars projecting from the
end of the column passing into sleeves
that are subsequently filled with grout.

SLABS

Ahollow core slab, also known as

avoided slab,hollow core plankor
simply
aconcrete
plankis
aprecastslab
ofprestressed
concretetypically used in the
construction
offloorsin
multistoryapartment buildings.

ARCHITECTURAL PRE-CAST CONCRETE UNITS

Architectural pre-cast concrete are

pre-casted units that is designed
and formed to serve as a
decorative element in a certain
building or structure. The design of
these pre-cast units differ
depending on the plan of a
building.

MANUFACTURING PRECAST
CEMENT

MORENO, ANNE JADEITE G.

CE152P/A2

GENERAL

Environmental and manufacturing

conditions at a precast concrete plant
are easily monitored.
The production of precast concrete
elements takes place under controlled
conditions in enclosed factories.

The raw material consumption is

similar for similar qualities of concrete,
whether the production takes place in a
factory, at a ready-mix plant or at a
building site.
The raw material waste in precast
concrete production is very small.

FORMS

Precast forms are normally made of

either steel or plywood. A large number
of castings in forms is typical in the
production of precast concrete
elements in plants with savings of raw
materials.

FORM OIL

Mineral oil release agents can affect

the health of workers, pollute the air,
water and soil, be flammable, have
poor biodegradability and result in
hazardous waste.
New form oils have been developed,
containing of a mix of marine ester,
medical white oil and vegetable oil.

SILICONE

Silicone is frequently used to seal joints

in forms. No negative scientifically
based ecological findings have been
found regarding the life cycle of silicone
sealants.

ADMIXTURES

The purpose of admixtures is to

improve concrete quality both in the
fresh and hardened state.
The use of admixtures often has a
beneficial effect on the environment:
better durability of concrete, less
consumption of cement, less energy
consumption during casting, etc.

REINFORCEMENT

The process of preparing mild steel

reinforcement may be the same for a
precaster as for a contractor at a
building site, except that precasters will
usually have less waste.
This results in better utilization of the
steel and less consumption of natural
resources.

COLOUR PIGMENTS

Color pigments are commonly used to

manufacture colored concrete.
Pigments are normally iron oxides (e.g.
red and brown), chrome oxides (green)
or cobalt oxides (blue).

SANDBLASTING, RETARDERS AND ACID ETCHING

Sandblasting is commonly used to create a coarse

texture on the surface of concrete panels. The sand
can be collected and reused as road base.
Retarders are applied to the forms to slow down the
hydration process of the concrete at the surface and
allow washing of the concrete afterwards.
Acid etching is also used in facade production,
mainly to wash a panel surface to give a coarse
texture.

OTHER FACTORS TO CONSIDER

Quality Assurance
Pollution
Workplace Environment
Production Waste
Fresh Concrete
Hardened Concrete

SURPLUS MATERIALS

Surplus materials are generated during the production

of precast elements. Much surplus material is
recyclable, and consists mainly of:
hardened concrete with or without reinforcement
steel reinforcement and pieces of structural steel
plywood and other wooden materials
fresh concrete (from production and washing of
equipment)
slurry from the sawing of concrete
insulating materials (mineral wool and polystyrene)
oil etc. from machinery
paper and other packaging materials.

ADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS OF
USING PRECAST
CONCRETE
STRUCTURAL UNITS
Paguia, Clarissa C.
CE152P-A2

VANTAGES OF PRECAST CONCRETE

1.The concrete of superior quality is produced as it is possible to
have better technical control on the production of concrete in
factory.
2.It is not necessary to provide joints in the precast construction.
3.The labour required in the manufacturing process of the precast
units can easily be trained.
4.The moulds employed for preparing the precast units are of steel
with exact dimension in all directions. These moulds are more
durable and they can be used several times.

5.The precast articles may be given the desired shape and

finish with accuracy.
6.The precast structures can be dismantled, when required and
they can then be suitably used elsewhere.
7.The transport and storage of various components of concrete
for cast in situ work are eliminated when precast members are
adopted.
8.The work can be completed in a short time, when precast
units are adopted.
9.When precast structures are to be installed, it is evident that
the amount of scaffolding and formwork is considerably
reduced.

The advantages of precast concrete

include:

-speed of construction
-reliable supply
-high level performance in thermal comfort, durability,
acoustic separation, and resistance to fire and flood
-inherent strength and structural capacity able to meet
engineering design standards for housing ranging from
individual cottages to multi-storey apartments
-highly flexible in form, shape and available finishes
-ability to incorporate services such as electrical and
plumbing in precast elements

-high structural efficiency, low wastage rates

on site
-minimal waste
-safer sites from less clutter
-ability to incorporate waste materials such
as fly ash
-high thermal mass, providing energy cost
saving benefits
-simply designed for deconstruction, reuse or
recycling.

MITATIONS OF PRECAST CONCRETE

1.If not properly handled, the precast units may be
damaged during transport.
2.It becomes difficult to produce satisfactory connections
between the precast members.
3.It is necessary to arrange for special equipment for
lifting and moving of the precast units.
4.The economy achieved in precast construction is
partially balanced by the amount to be spent in transport
and handling of precast members.

-Each panel variation calls for complex,

specialised engineering design
-It is often more expensive than
alternatives
-Building services must be accurately
cast in and are difficult to add or alter
later

TYPICAL SIZES OF PRECAST

CONCRETE UNITS

Naval, John Benedic R.

CE152P/A2

COLUMNS

used to support beams and spandrels .

Typical shape: Square and Rectangle
Typical Size: from 12x12 in. to 24x48 in

GIRDERS ON PAVEMENT/BRIDGE

PRECAST BOX GIRDERS

Span length: 40' to 120'
Preferred span length: 40' to 100'
I-BEAM GIRDERS (Wide-Flange)
Span length: 80' to 200'
Preferred span length: 80' to 180'

BEAMS

RECTANGULAR BEAMS
Typical width: 12" or 16" in.
Span: up to 50'-0"
Typical Designation: 16RB24 ( 16 width
in inches, 24 depth in inches)
L and IT (inverted "Tee") beams
Typical width: 12"
Depths of 20", 28", 36", 44", 52" and 60"

BEAMS

DOUBLE TEE BEAM (DT)

Combination of beam and slab
Span: up to 100'-0"
Typical width: 8'-0"
Depths of 12", 18", 24" and 32"
Designation: 8(ft)DT24(ft)+2 (2"
topping)

BEAMS

SINGLE TEE BEAM (ST)

Span: up to 120'-0"
Typical width: 8'-0"
Depths of 36" and 48"
Designation: 8ST36+2 (8 in width,
24 in depth and +2 = 2" topping)

Procedure for Erecting

Precast Concrete and
Types of Connections
Used
By: Muoz Samantha
Danielle M.

CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS
All safety issues on site when handling precast
elements, especially so when working within a tight site
The lifting capacity of the crane used
The working boom-radius of the crane
The suitability of construction materials for the purpose
of use, i.e. sealant, grouting, shim plate, propping etc
Co-ordination with the pre caster and specialist supplier
to achieve the best performance and working method
pre caster often provide relevant technical requirements
to the contractor during the design development phase
to avoid discrepancy .

PROCEDURES FOR ERECTING PRECAST BEAM SLAB

SYSTEM

Wall Positioning
Precast walls are propped before
casting of joints proper planning is
required for perfect alignment

Wall Adjustment and Beam Setting Out

The pour strip between 2 pieces of
precast walls are cast

Position the slab temporary supports

and adjust the slab soffit level
approximately.

Precast planks are installed in place

Preparation for casting of landing slab

to precast staircase

Preparation of welded mesh and

services for cast in-situ topping

Concreting to topping