THE SELF

AND
INTRAPERSONAL
COMMUNICATION

SELF-CONCEPT
the ways in which we think about and describe ourselves


SELF-CONCEPT FORMATION

1. Reflected Appraisals
a. Direct Reflections
- Largely shaped by response of others
- You come to view your self as you are
viewed by others
- We are more or less unconsciously seeing
ourselves as others see us

b. Perceived Self
- Cooleys (1912) looking-glass self
imagining our appearance to the other person
and imagine his judgment
- What do I perceive to be his attitude
towards me?

c. Generalized Other
- The self arises out of social interaction
- We have to adopt to the attitude of the other
toward the self and to see ourselves from their
perspective

2. Social Comparisons
- We learn more about ourselves by comparing
ourselves to others
- A referent individual or group becomes our
standard
3. Self-attribution
- Individual perception
4. Self-values
- What is important to an individual would
relate to ones self-esteem

WISEMAN and
BARKER Model
creating, functioning, and
evaluation of symbolic
processes which operate
within the originating or
responding communcator
(1974)

WISEMAN and BARKER Model

Life Orientation determines how messages are

sent or received

Internal Stimuli - nerve impulses that are

received
by the brain

External Stimuli - come from outside of the body,

from immediate or proximate
environment
- two types: overt and covert

STAGES
1. Reception - can take singly in or in combination
of
any of the five senses
- external and internal receptors

2. Discrimination - determines what stimuli are

allowed to stimulate thought
- screens out the less significant or
weaker stimuli

3. Regrouping - strongest and most important

stimuli previously selected are arranged
in a meaningful sequence

4. Ideation - messages are thought out,

planned and organized

5. Incubation -jelling or hatching period

- process of allowing ideas to grow and
develop

6. Symbol Encoding- symbols of thought are

transformed into words and gestures

7. Transmission - destination is the

communicator
himself
- the self-communicators message
composed of words and gestures are
transmiited via air or light waves

Feedback - perceived as response to a message

coming from an external source
- self-feedback - feedback to intrapersonal
communication
- external self-feedback - through airwaves
- internal self-feedback- bone conduction
and muscle

Examples:
Daydreaming
Thinking
Reading
Solving

Problems
Doodling
Writing in a Diary

WISEMAN and BARKER Model

JOHARI WINDOW
how self-communication is a function of different selves

JOHARI WINDOW

IDEAL JOHARI WINDOW

Factors that Influence

Our Self-Presentation

Others

A man has as many different social

selves as there are distinct groups of
persons about whose opinion we
care.
-William James (1892)

ALTERCASTING
Weinstein (1967)

SITUATION OR
INTERACTION
ENVIRONMENT

MOTIVATION

People in general need

to be liked.

OPENNESS TO
LEARN MORE
ABOUT YOURSELF

LISTEN TO OTHERS
PERCEPTION

REFLECTION AND
INTROSPECTION

Self-concept formation is a
dynamic, on-going thing
operating in a process of
becoming. It is a prerequisite
to intrapersonal communication
or self-communication.