Alloy Steel vs Titanium

Submarine Hull
Presented by : Group 6 members

ALLOY STEEL

What is alloy steel.???????

Steels whose properties mainly attributed to the presence of one or more

elements other than carbon.
Content of alloying element exceed one or more of the following percentage
limit,
Manganese: 1.65%
Silicon: 0.6%
Copper: 0.6%
or when Aluminium, Boron, Chromium is up to 3.99%.
Some example of alloy steel: Cobalt, Columbium, Molybdenum, Nickel,
Titanium, Tungsten, Vanadium, Zirconium.
Two groups: high alloy steels and low alloy steels.
Physical properties: greater hardness, durability, corrosion resistance, or
toughness as compared to carbon steel.
To achieve this properties, alloys often require heat treatment.

Advantages of alloy steel

Greater hardenability
Less distortion and cracking
Greater ductility at high strength
Greater high temperature strength
Greater stress relief at given hardness
Better machinability at high hardness
High elastic ratio and endurance strength

Disadvantages of alloy steel

Tendency toward austenite retention

Cost
Special handling
Temper brittleness in certain grades.

Purpose of alloying
Strengthening of the ferrite
Improved corrosion resistance
Better hardenability
Grain size control
Greater strength
Improved machinability
Improved ductility
Improved toughness
Better wear resistance
Improved cutting ability
Improved case hardening properties etc.
Improved high or low temperature stability.

Application of alloy steel

Material
Carbon

AISI or SAE

Application

Low
Medium
High

Nails, Screws, body parts, axles,

rails, wheels, spring, tools, cutters

Nickel

Nickel Chromium

Molybdenum

Machinery, automobile parts, bolt

and roller bearings, springs

Chromium

Hammers, Bearing, axles, gears

Chrome-Vanadium

Tools, spring and gears

Nickel, Chromium &

Molybdenum

Machine tools

Manganese - Nickel, Chromium

and Molybdenum

Parts for dies and molds

Casting, boiler plates, structural

steel
Stainless steel, kitchen utensils,
gears, shafts.

Titanium

What is Titanium.????
A chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels, but 45% lighter.
Physical properties: low density and is a strong, lustrous, corrosion-resistant
(including sea water, aqua region and chlorine), transition metal with a silver
colour.
Useful properties: corrosion resistance and the highest strength-to-weight ratio of
any metal.
Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium, molybdenum, among
other elements, to produce strong lightweight alloys.
Titanium is extracted from its principal mineral ores via the Kroll process or the
Hunter process.

Advantages of Titanium
It has the combined properties of being light and strong.
It is corrosive resistant
It can withstand high temperatures.
Very high plastic point.
Have high specific strength

Disadvantages of Titanium
Expensive metal
Expensive extraction method (Kroll process)
Expensive to cast
In some machined forms it is more brittle than steel,

although it has a higher tensile strength.

It is hard to machine

Applications of Titanium
Pigments, additives and coatings
Aerospace and marine
Consumer and architectural
Industrial
Jewelry
Medical
Nuclear waste storage

Titanium ring

A fracture of the eye

socket was repaired by
stabilizing the fractured
bones with small
titanium plates and
screws.

What is submarine
hull????
A light hull (casing in British usage) of a
submarine is the outer non-watertight hull which
provides a hydro dynamically efficient shape.
The pressure hull is the inner hull of a submarine;
this holds the difference between outside and
inside pressure.

The metal for submarine

hull
As a conclusion, titanium is suitable for making
submarine hull. This is due to their high tensile
strength to density ratio, high corrosion resistance,
fatigue resistance, high crack resistance, and
ability to withstand moderately high temperatures
without creeping. Due to its high corrosion
resistance to sea water, Titanium is used to make
submarines largely out of titanium.

Thank you..