Computer-Integrated

Manufacturing

CIM

Computer Integrated
Manufacturing

Computer-Integrated

Manufacturing
Computer-Aided Design and

Manufacturing
Numerically Controlled Machines
Industrial Robots
Automated Materials Handling
Flexible Manufacturing Systems

DefinitionofCIMbytheComputerandAutomation
SystemsAssociationoftheSocietyof
manufacturingEngineers(CASA/SME):

CIM is the integration of the

total manufacturing enterprise
through the use of integrated
systems and data
communications coupled with
new managerial philosophies
that improve organizational and
personnel efficiency.

CIM

What is CIM?
CIM is the integration of all enterprise
operations and activities around a common
corporate data repository.
It is the use of integrated systems and
data communications coupled with new
managerial philosophies.

What is CIM?
CIM is not a product that can be
purchased and installed.
It is a way of thinking and solving
problems.

POTANTIALBENEFITSOFCIM

Improved customer service

Improved quality
Shorter time to market with new products
Shorter flow time
Shorter vendor lead time
Reduced inventory levels
Improved schedule performance
Greater flexibility and responsiveness
Improved competitiveness
Lower total cost
Shorter customer lead time
Increase in manufacturing productivity
Decrease in work-in process inventory

The Role of Computer in

Manufacturing
The computer has had a substantial
impact on almost all activities of a factory.
Often, the introduction of the computer
changed the organizational structure of a
department and made necessary adoption
of new management structures.

The Role of Computer in

Manufacturing

The operation of a CIM system gives

the user substantial benefits:
Reduction of design costs by 15-30%;
Reduction of the in-shop time of a part by
30-60%;
Increase of productivity by 40-70%;
Better product quality, reduction of scrap
20-50%.

AGILE MANUFACTURING

Globalization of markets has put

tremendous pressure on
manufacturing enterprises to be
competitive.
To cope with competitive pressures,
a new paradigm in manufacturing
known as AGILE MANUFACTURING is
emerging.

AGILE MANUFACTURING
The objective of agile
manufacturing is to enable
manufacturing enterprises to be
competitive by dynamically
reconfiguring software, equipment
and organization structures.

AGILE MANUFACTURING
Agility is the ability to grow and
succeed in an environment of
constant and unpredictable changes.
In recent years, the manufacturing
paradigm has been changing from
mass production to agile
manufacturing.

AGILE MANUFACTURING

The reasons of this trend change are:

The strength of global competition is
increasing;
Mass markets are fragmenting to niche
markets;
Customers expect low volume, high
quality;
Short product life-cycles, development

CHARACTERISTICSOFAGILE
MANUFACTURING:

Greater product customization

Rapid introduction of new or modified
product
Advanced interenterpise networking
technology
Upgradable products
Increased emphasis on knowledgeable,
highly trained workers
Interactive customer relationship

CHARACTERISTICSOFAGILE
MANUFACTURING:

Dynamic reconfiguration of production

processes
Greater use of flexible production
technologies
Rapid prototyping
An open systems information environment
Innovative and flexible management
structures
Product pricing based on value to the
customer
Commitment to the bening operations and
product designs

Communication Networks
A communication network is the backbone of
an enterprise integration. Networks help to unify
a company by linking together all the
computerized devices irrespective of their
physical location.
Through networks the whole enterprise can be
integrated, including suppliers and customers.

Communication Networks
For example, sales and marketing can send
customer requirements for new products to
design engineering.
A CAD generated bill of materials can then be
transferred to material requirements
planning(MRP) systems.
Product design information can be transmitted
to manufacturing for use in process planning.

Types of Communication
Networks
There 2 main types of
communication networks:
1) Telecommunication Networks;
2) Computer communication Networks.

Types of Communication
Networks
Telecommunication network is mainly used
for voice communication.
Computer communication network is a
system of interconnected computers and
other devices capable exchanging
information.

Highlights in the History of

Telecommunications
1844 Morse sends the first public telegraph
message
1876 Telephone patent issued to Alexander
Graham Bell
1877 First telephone in private home
1881 First long-distance line, from Boston, MA, to
Providence,RI
1890 Undersea telephone cable, England to France
1915 First transcontinental telephones call in U.S.
1929 Coaxial cable invented; Herbert Hoover
becomes the first President with a phone
on
his desk.

1947
1951
1960
1963
1970
1976
1980

Transistor invented
Direct long-distance dialing
First test of electronic switch
Touch-tone service introduced
Laser invented
First digital electronic switch installed
Divestiture of AT&T (Ma Bell and the baby
bells)
1988 First transatlantic optical fiber cable
1989 First fiber-optic cable to the home field trial,
Cerritos, CA
1990 Demonstration of 2000-km links using optical
amplifiers without repeaters.

Types of Communication
Networks
Network Architectures & Protocols
A communication network consists of a number
components such as hardware, software and
media.
A network architecture describes the components,
the functions performed, and the interfaces
between the components of a network.
It encompasses hardware, software, standards,
data link controls, topologies and protocols.

Types of Communication
Networks
Network Architectures & Protocols
It defines the functions of, and interactions
between, three types of components.

Network hardware components

Communication software modules
Application programs that use the networks

Types of Communication
Networks
Network Architectures & Protocols
PROTOCOL:
Protocols in network architecture define the set of
rules of information exchange between two
devices(peers).
Protocols specify the message format and the
rules for interpreting and reacting to messages.

Types of Communication
Networks
Computer Network Reference Model

The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

Reference Model is an architecture that
enables different vendors systems, such
as DECNET, SNA, TCP/IP and SINEC, to
communicate by using a common set of
protocols.

Types of Communication
Networks

The reference model is based on:

The communication functions are divided into
layers;
The services to be provided by each layer are
specified;
Layer N+1, above layer N, uses the services of
the latter to implement its functions;
Communication between the layer N and the
participating terminals is specified by the ISO
protocols.

Types of Communication
Networks

TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

Local Area Networks (LANs)
Used to interconnect computers
within the same building or
organisation.
A LAN typically operates at speeds
ranging from 10 Mbps to 100 Mbps,
connecting several hundred devices
over a distance of up to 5 to 10 km

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) - MANs arelarge

LANsthatcoveralargecityorsuburb.Usedto
interconnectLANswithinametropolitanarea.Atypical

MANoperatesataspeedof1,5to150Mbps

Wide Area Networks (WANs)

Use common carrier facilities over
long distances and are used to
connect sites and facilities over the
countries.
Usually the speed between the cities
can vary from 1.5 Mbps to 2.4 Gbps.
In a WAN, the cost of transmission is
very high, and the network is usually
owned and operated by a public
network

Global Area Networks (GAN)

these are networks connections
between countries around the globe.
A GANs speed ranges from
1.5Mbps to 100Gbps and its reach is
several thousands of kilometres.

COMMUNICATION HIERARCHY

enterprise level
Globally link various plants/sites and
interconnect corporations through electronic
data interchange
plant level
Connect departments inside plant
cell level
Connect cells inside departments
equipment/device level
connect individual devices such as computers,
robots and NC machines

MANUFACTURING

Parallel with increasing needs for faster

communications the needs of large data storage
capacity and fast computers is increasing also.
Now typical manufacturing environment, called
also as CAD/CAM/CAE environment is composed
of fast computers, centralized data storage units,
CNC controlled machine centers, robots etc., all
connected on the same network.
On this networks either TCP/IP or specially
designed manufacturing protocols like, MAP or
TOP, are used.

MANUFACTURING
MAP
An initiative by General Motors of The
United States has resulted in the selection
of a set of protocols, all based on ISO
standards, to achieve open system
interconnection within an automated
manufacturing plant.
The resulting protocols are knows as
manufacturing automation protocols
(MAPs).

MANUFACTURING

MANUFACTURING
TOP
In a similar way, an initiative by the
Boeing Corporation (USA) has resulted in
the selection of a set of ISO standards to
achieve open system interconnection in a
technical and office environment.
The selected protocols are known as
technical and office protocols (TOPs).

MANUFACTURING

Flexible Manufacturing
Systems
CNC 1

Raw material storage

(floor space)

Out

Tool
changer

Tool
changer

In

CNC 2
Out

Indexing
tables

AS/RS
CNC 3
Out

In

In

AGV 2
Raw material storage
(roller conveyor)

L/U

L/U

Load/unload stations

Temporary storage areas

(33 pallet spaces)

Computer control

AGV 1

Tool
changer

Industrial
Robots

Elbow
extension

Shoulder
swivel

Arm sweep

Yaw

Pitch

Roll