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Power Factor
Power Capacitors
Power capacitor is highly technical and complex device
Thin dielectric materials and high dielectric stresses are required.
Highly sophisticated techniques are involved.
Series Capacitors
Capacitors connected in series with the lines.
A series capacitor compensates for inductive reactance.
A series capacitor is negative reactance in series with
Shunt Capacitors
Connected in parallel with line, used extensively in
distribution systems.
Compensate reactive component of current by supplying
leading current
Phasor diagram illustration
Voltage Rise
Power Factor
Cosine of angle between voltage and current in an AC
apparent power
Major loads are inductive like Transmission lines, AC
Power Factor
Current lags behind voltage by angle .
resistive loads
Power Triangle
Apparent Power
Power Factor
For
installed capacity
Power factor
Example 6.2
high.
The reactive power is the energy required to build the
Static Capacitor
Power factor can be improved by connecting capacitors in
factories
Advantages:
Low Losses in static capacitors
No moving part, therefore low maintenance requirements.
Disadvantages:
Limited age (8 10 years) and not easily repairable
Capacitor switching with changing loads causes switching surges on
the system
Calculation of pf Correction
Suppose pf is improved from to
Leading kVar supplied by pf correction equipment
results
Capacitor Bank
Individual capacitors can be added in parallel to achieve
voltage.
connected permanently.
TP1-6.3:
Example 6.6
Synchronous Condenser
Synchronous motor v curves:
Synchronous
Motor Phasor
Diagram
constant.
is constant
is constant
http://www.ece.umn.edu/users/riaz/animations/syncmotie.html
Synchronous Condenser
A synchronous motor takes a leading current when overexcited
synchronous condenser
Leading KVar supplied by synchronous condenser
Advantages:
Step less control on pf by varying field current to any amount.
Long life and repairable.
Disadvantages:
High operation and maintenance costs.
Note:
Maximum leading power is taken by a synchronous motor with maximum
TP1-6.5
TP1-6.6
TP1-6.9
Phase Advancer
Stator winding of induction motor draws exciting current
Importance of pf improvement
For industrial consumers: Industrial consumers has to
TP2-6.3
Home Work 3
Chapter 6 (VK Mehta)
Examples:
1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11
TP1 (p.116): 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10
TP2 (p.121): 1, 2, 3