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Variable Frequency

Drive
Shaishav
Parmar
(110010741010
) 2nd SEM ME
(SPC)
ADIT, New
V.V.Nagar

Outline
Introducti
on

Objecti
ve
Basic of
VFD
Blocks.

Interfaci
ng with
DSP
controlle
r
PWM
principl
e
Function
&
Operati
on
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Advanta
ges

Disadvanta
ges

Applicatio
ns

SHAISHAV PARMAR

22-Jun-12

SHAISHAV PARMAR

Introduction
VFDs adjust the speed of a driven shaft to a
predetermined speed often this is done via an
automatic speed selection process.

These

automatic
processors
often
use
reference signals
generated by other devices, drives, controllers,
limiters etc.

VFDs can control speeds to within 0.1% tolerance


and are the control system of choice in many
speed control applications.

Convert line voltage & frequency to controllable


values
and
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Intro

provide continuous control,

matching motor speed to the specific


demands of the
work being performed.

Also called VSD or VAD

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SHAISHAV PARMAR

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Objective
The main objective of the VFD is to
vary the speed of the motor while
providing the closest approximation to
a sine wave for current (while pulsing
D C voltage to the motor).

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SHAISHAV PARMAR

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Basic of

VFD

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1.
AC Line input
section

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AC Line input section

The voltage on an alternating current


(ac) power supply rises and falls in the
pattern of a sine wave.
Voltage is +ve , Current in one direction
Voltage is -ve , Current in opposite
direction
Results in large amount of energy.

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2.
Input Rectifier
Section

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Rectifier output

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Input Rectifier Section

convert incoming ac power into direct


current (dc) power.
Two rectifiers are use for each single
phase.
Generally three phase rectifier is use to
handle large power in industries

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3.

DC bus Section

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DC bus Section

It contains capacitors to accept power


from the rectifier,
store it, and later deliver that power
through the inverter section.
Sometimes we use chokes with capacitor
mainly to reduce
1) harmonic noise (interference) &
2) temporary loss of power.
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4. Invertor Section

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Inverter

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Inverter section using


PWM

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Inverter

The inverter contains transistors that


deliver
power to the motor. The
Insulated
Gate
Bipolar
Transistor (IGBT) is a common
choice in modern VFDs.

Higher Switching capacity

Uses PWM technique to


simulate sinewave into
desired frequency
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curre
nt

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Basic principle of PWM

Commonly used technique


controlling
power to electrical devices.

The average value of voltage (and


current) fed to the load is controlled
by turning the switch between supply
and load ON and OFF at a fast pace.

The longer the switch is ON compared


to the OFF periods, the higher the
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for

PW
M

PDELIVERED = PSUPPLIED x Duty Cycle

Duty Cycle = ON time / Total Period


of Pulse

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PWM waveform

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SHAISHAV PARMAR

Basic Interfacing block of


motor with LF2407 using
VFD inverter

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SHAISHAV PARMAR

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Advantages

It can control speeds to within 0.1%


tolerance
Energy savings
Reduction of
thermal and
mechanical
Stresses on
motors
simple installation because smaller in size
Lower Power consumption
Soft starting during belts starts
Fast & Precise response
Precise speed and torque control
High reliability and availability
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SHAISHAV PARMAR

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Disadvantages

Produces noise due to PWM that can


interfere with
other susceptible circuits.

Reflected Wave Voltages.

EMI both reflected and conducted.

Noise

can lead to drive over

current,
malfunction, and motor
bearingfailures.
Need to keep cable runs short to limit
noise
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SHAISHAV PARMAR

circui
t

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SHAISHAV PARMAR

Perform for various


application
Variable-torque
control todrive
fan
or
under light head.

pump

Constant-torquecontrol to drive a pump


or
compressor or other equipment against
higher head.

Constant horsepower

contr for

to drive
a machine
control
of positio
tool, such
Motio
in
ol
precise
steel
calendari n
as a lathe
or milling
n
rolling
ormachine.
ng
plasti
needed
c
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Applications

Marine
propulsion, power
generation,
dynamic positioning, and work vessel
systems.

Oil & Gas control systems for pumps,


gas
and
diesel
engines,
compressors,turbines, boilers, conveyers.

Environmental in waste water, potable


water,
pollution
control,
pumping,desalination, ozone regeneration.

Industrial Paper 22-Jun-12


Mills,SHAISHAV
Cement
PARMAR

References
1.Electronics measurements & instrumentation by A.K Sahney
2.www://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Variable_frequency_drive&oldid
3.www.delta.com.tw/product/em/drive/ac_motor/ac_motor_main.asp
4.www.danfoss.com/North.../VFD-101+for+HVAC+Market.html
5.www.irc.wisc.edu/file.php?id=266
6.www.us.sbt.siemens.com/HVP/.../SED2DriveBasics.pps - United States
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SHAISHAV PARMAR

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