Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
elementos
Captulo 8
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
8.1
ns2np6
ns2np5
ns2np4
ns2np3
ns2np2
ns2np1
d10
d5
d1
ns2
ns1
4f
5f
8.2
Zinc
Cadmio
Mercurio
Gases nobles
Lantnidos
Metales de
transicin
Actnidos
8.2
Ca [Ar]4s2
Al [Ne]3s23p1
Na [Ne]
Ca2+ [Ar]
Al3+ [Ne]
H 1s1
H- 1s2 or [He]
F 1s22s22p5
F- 1s22s22p6 o [Ne]
O 1s22s22p4
N 1s22s22p3
-1
-2
-3
+3
+2
+1
8.2
Na+: [Ne]
Al3+: [Ne]
8.2
Fe:
[Ar]4s23d6
Mn:
[Ar]4s23d5
8.2
11
Centro Zefec
10
Radio
186
Mg
12
10
160
Al
13
10
143
Si
14
10
132
Dentro de un periodo
Zefc aumenta,
el radio disminuye
8.3
8.3
Radio atmico
Nmero atmico
8.3
Radio (pm)
Radio (pm)
Nmero atmico
Nmero atmico
8.3
Radio inico
8.3
X+(g) + e-
I2 + X (g)
X2+(g) + e-
I3 + X (g)
X3+(g) + e-
I1 < I2 < I3
8.4
Nmero atmico Z
8.4
8.4
X-(g)
F (g) + e-
X-(g)
H = -328 kJ/mol
EA = +328 kJ/mol
O (g) + e-
O-(g)
H = -141 kJ/mol
EA = +141 kJ/mol
8.5
Afinidad electrnica
(kJ/mol)
Nmero atmico Z
8.5
8.6
2M(s) + 2H2O(l)
4M(s) + O2(g)
2MOH(aq) + H2(g)
2M2O(s)
Incremento de reactividad
8.6
Be(s) + 2H2O(l)
Mg(s) + 2H2O(g)
M(s) + 2H2O(l)
No reacciona
Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
M(OH)2(aq) + H2(g) M = Ca, Sr, o Ba
Incremento de reactividad
8.6
4Al(s) + 3O2(g)
2Al(s) + 6H+(aq)
2Al2O3(s)
2Al3+(aq) + 3H2(g)
8.6
X2(g) + H2(g)
X -1
2HX(g)
Incremento de reactividad
X + 1e-
8.6