FIBER RIENFORCED

CONCRETE
Created and presented
by:
VAMSHI INDRALA
(11E11A0196)
BENJAMIN
(11E11A0172)
KALYANI

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF FRC
WHY FRC ?
PROPERTIES
TYPES OF FRC
TESTS ON CONCRETE
APPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
REFERENCES

CHAPTER-1

WHAT IS FRC ?
(FRC) is concrete containing fibrous material
which increases its structural integrity. It contains
discretefibresthat are uniformly distributed and
randomly oriented.
Fibers include steel fibers,glass fibers,synthetic
fibersandnatural fibers each of which lend
varying properties to the concrete.

Historical perspective
The concept of using fibers as reinforcement is not
new. Fibers have been used as reinforcement since
ancient times.
Historically,horsehairwas used inmortarand
strawinmudbricks. In the 1900s,asbestosfibers
were used in concrete.
In the 1950s, the concept ofcomposite
materialscame into being and fiber-reinforced
concrete was one of the topics of interest.
By the 1960s,steel,glass (GFRC), and synthetic
fibers such aspolymerfibers were used in concrete.
Research into new fiber-reinforced concretes
continues today.

WHY FRC . . . ?
Improves toughness of concrete
Flexural strength is increases up to 30% by decreasing the
propagation of cracks
Improves tensile strength
More economical than regular steel reinforcement
Less prone to corrosion
Gives an alternative way to reinforce concrete other then
traditional steel rebar

FIBER PROPERTIES
There are several primary properties necessary for a
material to make an adequate fiber:
Fiber length to width ratio
Fiber uniformity
Fiber strength and flexibility
Fiber elasticity and
Fiber cohesiveness.

Types of fibers include

Steel
Plastic
Polyester, Polypropylene, Polyethylene
Glass
Natural materials
Wood cellulose, Bamboo, Elephant grass

VARIOUS TYPES OF FIBRES

STEEL

GLASS

PLASTIC

NATURAL

POLYMER

Factors affecting properties of FRC

Fiber reinforced concrete is the composite
material containing fibers in the cement
matrix in an orderly manner or randomly
distributed manner.
Hence Its properties would obviously,
depends upon the efficient transfer of stress
between matrix and the fibers. The factors

Factors affecting properties

of FRC
Relative

fiber-matrix stiffness

Volume of fibers
Aspect ratio of the fiber Orientation of fibers
Workability of compaction of concrete
Size of coarse aggregate
Mixing

Relative Fiber Matrix Stiffness : The modulus of elasticity of matrix must

be much lower than that of fiber for efficient stress transfer. because low
modulus fibers are unlikely to give proper strength.

Volume of Fibers: the increase in the volume of fibers, increases the

tensile strength and toughness of the composite. Use of higher
percentage of fiber is likely to cause segregation and harshness of
concrete.
Aspect Ratio of the Fiber: increase on the aspect ratio increases
the ultimate concrete linearly. Beyond 75, relative strength and
toughness is reduced. Below Table shows Type
the effect
of of aspect ratio on
strength and toughness

concret Aspect
e
ratio

Relative

Relative

strength

toughness

Plain
concrete
With
Randoml

0
25

1
1.5

1
2.0

y
Disperse

50

1.6

8.0

Orientation of Fibers: It was observed that the fibers aligned

parallel to the applied load offered more tensile strength and
toughness than randomly distributed or perpendicular fibers.
Workability : consequence of poor workability is non-uniform
distribution of the fibers. Generally, the workability and
compaction standard of the mix is improved through increased
water/ cement ratio or by the use of some kind of water reducing
admixtures
Size of Coarse Aggregate: Maximum size of the coarse
aggregate should be restricted to 10mm, to avoid appreciable
reduction in strength of the composite. Fibers also in effect,
act as aggregate. Although they have a simple geometry,
their influence on the properties offresh concreteis complex.

CHAPTER-2

STEEL FIBRES
steel fibers have been used for a long time
in construction of roads and also in
floorings, particularly where heavy wear
and tear is expected.
There are increasing numbers of tunneling
projects using precast lining segments
reinforced only with steel fibers.
the Blends of both steel and polymeric
fibers are often used in construction
projects in order to combine benefits of
both products; structural improvements
provided by steel fibers and the resistance
to explosive spalling and plastic shrinkage
improvements provided by polymeric fibers

properties of SFRC
Improve structural strength
Reduce steel reinforcement requirements
Improveductility
Reduce crack widths and control the crack widths tightly,
thus improving durability
Improve impact and abrasionresistance
Improve freeze-thaw resistance.

GLASS FIBRES
Glass fiber reinforced concrete, also
known asGFRCorGRC, is a type of
fiber reinforced concrete.
Glass fiber concretes are mainly
used in exterior building faade
panels and Somewhat similar
materials arefiber cement siding.
Glass fiber reinforced concrete
consists of high strengthglass fiber
embedded in a cementiousmatrix.

properties
Tensile and flexural strength
Short-term temperature resistance
Long-term creep and fatigue resistance

Polymer Fiber

Polymeric fibers are being used now

because of their no risk of corrosion and
also being cost effective.

Polymeric fibers normally used are

either of polyester or polypropylene.
Polymer fiber reinforced concrete (PFRC)
was used on two sites with ready mix
concrete and Vacuum dewatering
process.

properties of Polymer Fiber

Improve freeze-thaw resistance

Improve resistance to explosivespallingin case of a severe fire

Improve impact resistance

Improve mix cohesion, improving pumpability over long distances

Increase resistance to plastic shrinkage during curing

NATURIAL FIBERS
natural fiber may be chemically more inert

than either steel or glass fibers.

They are also cheaper, especially if natural.

A large volume of vegetable fiber may be
used to obtain a multiple cracking composite.

The problem of mixing and uniform

dispersion may be solved by adding a super
plasticizer

BAMBOO AND ELEPHANT GRASS

is very similar to that of concrete

Susceptible to volume changes in water
Increases ultimate tensile strength
Elephant Grass :
Very durable
good rot and alkali resistant
Increases flexural and impact strength

CHAPTER-3

TESTS ON CONCRETE
In order to differentiate the FRC from OPCC concrete
we have to perform certain tests mentioned
below.hence after conducting these tests the results
conclude that the there is an considerable differences
in workabilities and compressive strengths of various
concretes.

CONCRETE SLUMP TEST

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
TEST

CONCRETE SLUMP TEST

This test is performed to check the consistency of freshly
made concrete. The slump test is done to make sure a
concrete mix is workable. The measured slump must be
within a set range, or tolerance, from the target slump.

Concrete
STEP 1: CLEANING
Clean the cone. Dampen with water and place on the
slump plate. The slump plate should be clean, firm, level and
non-absorbent. Collect a sample of concrete to perform the
slum test.
STEP 2:FILLING
The mould is then filled in four layers. Stand firmly on the
foot pieces and fill 1/4 the volume of the cone with the
sample.
STEP 3:COMPACTION
Each layer shall be compacted with tamping rod by 25
strokes.
STEP 4:LEVELLING
Level off the surface with the steel rod using a rolling
action. Clean any concrete from around the base and top of
the cone, push down on the handles and step off the foot
pieces.

Carefully lift the cone straight up making sure not to

move the sample.
Turn the cone upside down and place the rod across
the up-turned cone.
STEP 5:MEASURING THE SLUMP VALUE

Take several measurements and report the average

distance to the top of the sample. If the sample fails by
being outside the tolerance (i.e. the slump is too high or
too low), another must be taken. If this also fails the
remainder of the batch should be rejected.

IATION OF SLUMP VALUES OF OPCC GFRC AND

CHAPTER-4

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

The testing is done in a laboratory off-site. The only work done
on-site is to make a concrete cube for the compression test
a characteristic strength of concrete measured at 28 days after
mixing is considered

Cube casting

CURING TANK

CURING OF BLOCKS

Digital compression testing machine

Procedure for Compressive

strength of Concrete
STEP 1: CLEANING
Clean the cube mould and coat the inside lightly with form oil,
then place on a clean, level and firm surface, i.e. the steel plate.
Collect a sample.
STEP 2:FILLING
The mould is then filled in three layers. Fill 1/3 the volume of
the mould with concrete then compact by tamping 35 times.
Cubes may also be compacted by vibrating using a vibrating
table.
STEP 3:COMPACTION
Fill the cone to overflowing and tamping 35 times into the top
of the first layer, then top up the mould till overflowing.
STEP 4:LEVELLING
Level off the top with the steel float and clean any concrete
from around the mould.
STEP5:SETTING AND TESTING
put it in a cool dry place to set for at least 24 hours.

VARIATION OF STRENGTHS OF OPCC

No
of days AND
GFRC
SampleSFRC
Weight of block
Compressive
s

(Kg)

strength of OPCC
(N/mm2)

7 day
Strength
No of days

S1
S2
S3
Avg

8.22
8.12
8.11

Sample Weight of block

s

(Kg)

19.00
20.12
20.32
19.81

Compressive
strength of GFRC
(N/mm2)

7 day
strength
No of days

S1
S2
S3
Avg

8.01
8.10
8.13

Sample Weight of block

s

(Kg)

19.32
21.47
20.35
20.38

Compressive
strength of SFRC
(N/mm2)

7 day
strength

S1
S2
S3
Avg

8.01
8.12
8.20

22.10
21.42
21.91
21.81

CHAPTER-5

Applications of FRC
Runway, Aircraft Parking, and
Pavements
Counter tops and other furniture
works
Tunnel Lining and Slope Stabilization
Blast Resistant Structures
Thin Shell, Walls, Pipes, and
Manholes
Dams and Hydraulic Structure

NECESSITY OF FRC
It increases the tensile strength of the concrete.
It reduces the air voids and water voids the inherent
porosityof gel.
It increases the durability of the concrete.
Fibers like glass have excellent resistance to creep.
deformations of concrete are minimized.

Summary
Fiber reinforced concrete is one of the
oldest methods for reinforcing concrete
The main purpose of FRC is to
increases its structural integrity and
improve flexural behavior
There are many different types of fiber
that can be used for concrete
reinforcement.
Is an economical way to use FRC.

REFERENCES

Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

youtube
Various websites
Applications FRC ASSOSIATION.

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