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Fluids
Lecture Outline
13.1 Phases of Matter
13.2 Density and Specific Gravity
13.3 Pressure in Fluids
13.4 Atmospheric Pressure and
Gauge Pressure
13.5 Pascals Principle
13.6Archimedes Principle
Fluids
The term fluid refers to gases and liquids. Gases and liquids
have more in common with each other than they do with
solids, since gases and liquids both have atoms/
molecules that are free to move around. They are not locked
in place as they are in a solid. Also, unlike solids, fluids can
flow.
Pressure in Fluids
At a given depth pressure in fluid is the same in
every direction.
Atmospheric pressure
Gauge Pressure
Most pressure gauges measure the pressure above
the atmospheric pressurethis is called the gauge
pressure.
The absolute pressure is the sum of the atmospheric
pressure and the gauge pressure.
Pascals Principle:
If an external pressure is applied to a confined
fluid, the pressure at every point within the fluid
increases by that amount.
This principle is used, for example, in hydraulic lifts
and hydraulic brakes.
Example:Hydraulic Lift
A force F1 is applied to a hydraulic press. This increases the
pressure throughout the oil, lifting the car-Pascals principle.
This would not work with air, since air is compressible. The
pressure is the same at the same level, so Pout = Pin
iron
FB
wood
FB
mg
vacuum
FB
Archimedes principle:
The buoyant force on an object immersed
in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid
displaced by that object.