Module 1

Corrosion Introduction and

Thermodynamics

Submodule 1 Corrosion on Nails

Condition
Steel nails that
straight
Steel nails that not
straght
Cr nails

Potential VS Ag/AgCl (V)

Initial
After 1 day

Potential vs SHE
Initial
After 1 day

-0,3

-0,353

-0,078

-0,131

-0,288
-0,71

-0,345
-0,358

-0,066
-0,488

-0,123
-0,136

a) Experimental Scheme Analysis Three nails were treated the same

way. Put into a beaker glas that filled with NaCl, with Ag/AgCl as SE.
b) Corrosion on Straight and Not Straight Nails Analysis Potential
of straight nail is more negative, will get corroded later than the other
one. Not straight nail has a coldwork area, where it contains high
dislocation and icreases oxidation. Atomic sturucture allows faster
corrosion process.
c) Bubble Formation Analysis Caused by high stress that occurs on
the whorl part. High energy leads to high pressure, makes oxidation
process occurs on that part.
Conclusions
Not straight nails tend to get corroded first because it has coldwork
area where oxidation tendency is higher.
The complexity of the surface can create some region that has high
stress, eventually leads to the formation of bubbles

Submodule 2 Metals
Potential

a) Analysis of Metal Potential

Based on the Literature Not
Material
Potential vs SHE
that similar with literature. Error can
Fe
-1,2
be ocurred during the grinding
Cu
-0,67
process or maybe we set the
Al
-1,21
multimeter in the wrong way.
Zn
-1,52
b) Cu-Zn Analysis
Mg
-1,95
Cu-Zn
-0,818
Literature : ECu- EZn = 1,10 V
Fe-Al
-0,163
Experimant
: - 0,818 V
Calculation : - 0,67 - ( - 1,52 ) =
E Cell Mg, Zn, Al, Fe and Cu
0,482 V
Not matched with the literature.
Material
Potential vs SHE
Lower than literature. Multimeter
Fe
-1,2
shows fluctuating value. Maybe the
Cu
-0,67
Al
-1,21
practicant
couldnt
read
the
Zn
-1,52
multimeter.
Mg
-1,95
c) Fe-Al Analysis
Literature : EFe- EAl = 1,22 V
E Cell Mg, Al, Zn, Fe and Cu
Experimant
: - 0,163 V
Calculation : - 1,2 - ( - 1,21 ) = 0,01
VNot matched with the literature.
Conclusions
Lower than literature. Multimeter
The appearance of the impuritiesshows
and the
conditionvalue.
of theMaybe
multimeter
fluctuating
the
could affect the final result that thepracticant
practicants got.
couldnt
read
the

Submodule 3 Aeration
Potential VS Ag/AgCl
(V)
Potential vs SHE
Cell
Fe
Cu
Fe
Cu
Aeration -0,385
0,041
-0,163 0,263
Deaeratio
n
-0,4
-0,016 -0,178 0,206
Couple
-0,378
-0,039 -0,156 0,183

a) Experimental Scheme Analysis Both metals potential were

measured in both cells in order to potential during aeration,
deaeration, and couple. The oxygen from aerator, the nitrogen from
the tube.
b) Analysis of Potential Before Coupling Value of aeration is more
positive than deaeration ( Matched with the literature ). Cu get
corroded quickly with the presence of oxygen, the same goes with Fe.
c) Analysis of Potential Before Coupling For Cu, the corrosion will
be slower. It occurs because the electrons in deaeration is lower. Errors
that may occur could be in the grinding process.
d) Corrosion Analysis Based on Mixed Potential Analysis
Deaeration will reduce the limiting current in order to reduce the
oxygen concentration. In aeration, there are some cathodic
polarizations thaat ocurred. During coupling, there are some changes
of electrons for aeration and deaeration. During coupling, there are
some potential differences, eventually caused corrosion

Conclusions
The presence of oxygen on Fe and Cl will accelerated the rate of
corrosion, thus both of metals is easily to get corroded.
The area with low concentration of oxygen will slower the rate of
corrosion on metals, due to the potentials differences.

Submodule 4 Pourbaix
Diagram
Solution's
Condition

Metal

Potential VS Ag/AgCl
(V)

Potential vs SHE

Fe

Cu

Fe

Cu

H2SO4 ( pH = 2 ) Fe & Cu

-0,341

0,134

-0,119

0,356

Tap Water ( pH =
Fe & Cu
6)

-0,282

0,065

-0,06

0,287

NaOH ( pH = 14 ) Fe & Cu

-0,625

-0,155

-0,403

0,067

a) Experimental Scheme Analysis Using Fe as the sample, immersed

into H2SO4, Tap Water, and NaOH. A/AgCl as refrence electrode.
b) Potential Analysis of Fe and Cu in Acidic Environment Based on
Pourbaix Diagram From the pourbaix diagram, we can see tha Fe is
in active region and Cu also in active region. Fe will get corroded first.
c) Potential Analysis of Fe and Cu in Neutral Environment Based
on Pourbaix Diagram From the pourbaix diagram, we can see tha Fe
is in active region and Cu will be in the area between Cu 2O and Cu. Fe
will get corroded first. Cu approaching immune region.

d) Potential Analysis of Fe and Cu in Alkaline Environment Based

on Pourbaix Diagram From the pourbaix diagram, we can see tha
Fe is in Fe(OH)2 or immune region and Cu will be in the area between
Cu2O and Cu. Fe will get Corroded.
Conclusions
In acidic environment, Fe and Cu will get corroded
In neutral environment, Fe and Cu will get corroded. Fe will get corroded
first. Cu approaching immune region
In alkaline environment, Fe is in immune region and Cu will be immuned