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FORMAT OF

SYNOPSIS
A brief Discussion on the
components of FCPS
synopsis writing

BEFORE STARTING
Before starting to work on
Dissertation/Article, the FCPS trainee
has to send a Synopsis to RTMC and
get it approved.
The synopsis is a brief out line
(about four A-4 size pages or 1000
words is the maximum limit) of your
future work

SYNOPSIS HEADINGS
A synopsis must have the following
headings:
TITLE
INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
HYPOTHESIS
MATERIAL AND METHODS

TITLE
Should reflect the objectives of the study.
It must be written after the whole synopsis
has been written so that it is a true
representative of the plan

INTRODUCTION
Should contain brief background of
the selected topic.
It must identify the importance of
study, its relevance and applicability
of results.
It must clearly state the purpose of
the study.

RATIONALE/ SIGNIFICANCE/
NEED STATEMENT
It must identify the importance of
study, its relevance and applicability
of results.
It must clearly state the purpose of
the study.

OBJECTIVES
Objectives are statements of mentions.
They inform the reader clearly what the
researcher plans to do in his/her work.
The must identify the variables involved
in research.
Objective should start with an action
verb and be sufficiently specific,
measurable, achievable, relevant and
time bound (SMART).

OBJECTIVES

SMART
SUFFICIENTLY
SPECIFIC

TIME
BOUND

MEASURABLE
SMART

RELEVANT

ACHIEVABLE

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
May be required in some synopses.
It is definition of a term specifically
telling how it will be measured for e.g.:
Morbidity: this encompass a number of
aspects viz. prolonged hospital stay,
severe pain, immediate complications,
long term sequelae.
A research must define how a vague
term will be measured.

Efficacy
Efficacy: These can by measured
i. Time taken in relieve of symptoms
which may be pain, fever cough
heartburn etc.
ii. Taking into account number of side
effects.
iii. Time taken for complete recovery
student is requirement to specify how
he/she will measure efficacy.

HYPOTHESIS
A hypothesis is a statement showing
expected relation b/w 2 variables. A
hypothesis is needed in the following
study designs:
All interventional studies
Cohort
Case control
Comparative cross sectional.

STUDY DESIGN
Mention the name of the appropriate
study design.

SETTING
Name and place where the research
work is to be conducted

DURATION OF STUDY
How long will the study take with
dates

SAMPLE SIZE
How many patients will be included.
If there are groups how many per
group?
You need a statistician for this work

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
Type of sampling technique employed
Sampling is that part of statistical
practice concerned with the selection of
individual observations intended to yield
some knowledge about a population of
concern, especially for the purposes of
statistical inference.

TWO REASONS
Researchers rarely survey the entire
population for two reasons:
The cost is too high and
The population is dynamic, i.e., the
component of population could change
over time.

THREE MAIN ADVANTAGES


There are three main advantages of
sampling:
The cost is lower
Data collection is faster
It is possible to ensure homogeneity and

to improve the accuracy and quality of


the data because the data

OBSERVATION
Each observation measures one or more
properties (weight, location, etc.) of an
observable entity enumerated to distinguish
objects or individuals.
Survey weights often need to be applied to
the data to adjust for the sample design.
Results from probability theory and
statistical theory are employed to guide
practice.
In business, sampling is widely used for
gathering information about a population.

SAMPLE SELECTION
Inclusion criteria: on what bases will
patients be inducted in the study.
Exclusion criteria: On what bases will
patients be excluded from the study.

DATA COLLECTION
PROCEDURE
A detailed account of how the researcher
will perform research;
How s/he will measure the variable.
It includes:
Identification of the study variables
Methods for collection of data
Data collection tools (Performa/questionnaire)

DATA ANALYSIS PROCEDURE


Relevant details naming software to
be used, which descriptive statistics
and which test of significance if and
when required, specifying variables
where it will be applied.

REFERENCES
In Vancouver style (for detail refer to
page 132).

DATA COLLECTION
INSTRUMENT

PROFORMA OR
QUESTIONNAIRE
The researcher must attach, as an
annex, the proforma or questionnaire
with the help of which he/she intends
to collect data.
The proforma/ questionnaire must
match the objectives and must not
contain irrelevant sections like
inclusion and exclusion criteria etc.

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