Shear According to BS EN

1. Considering of Compressive strength of diagonal concrete strut

and its angel
2. Calculation of required shear reinforcement Asw /s for the vertical
ties.
3.

Calculation of additional tension steel AsI Required in bottom

Following notations used in the shear design equations

= the cross sectional area of the two legs of the links

= the spacing of the links
= the lever arm between
the upper and the lower chord members
VV
of the analogous truss

= the design yields strength of the link reinforcement

= the characteristics strength of the link reinforcement

= the shear force due to the action at the ultimate limit state

= the ultimate shear force at the face at the support

= the shear force in the links

= the shear resistance in the links

= the maximum design value of the shear which can be resist by

concrete strut
the

= the shear capacity of the concrete

Rd
Ed, c

Checking for shear capacity

No shear reinforcement are required

Concrete capacityb in shear

w

With a minimum value of:

VRd ,c 0.035k 3 2 f ck 1 2 bw d

Design
shear resistance of concrete without shear reinforcement

200

k 1

2.0 with d expressed in mm

the smallest width of the section

Area of tension reinforcement

Maximum shear stress of the strut

factor
reduction

this equation modified by strength

then use strut angle as

change the concrete section

 If

Vertical shear reinforcement

Longitudinal force

=
=

Worked out Example

Beam with 8 m long uniformly distributed load of 200kN/m.

Total ultimate load = 200 x 8.0 = 1600kN

Support reaction
Shear
Shear

= 1600/2

at face of support

= 800 kN
= 800 200 x 0.3/2 770 kN

distance d from face of support = 770 200 x 0.65 = 640 kN

1. Crushing strength

of the concrete diagonal strut

With

745kN


With

Therefore <

1081kN

Determine angle

or

Determine shear resistance of the links

Additional longitudinal tensile force

Bending according to BS EN

Section

Strain

(a)
Triangular

(b) Rectangular
parabolic stress

(c) Equivalent
Rectangular

 Design moment M must be balanced by moment of resistance

area of action

and

Rearranging and substituting

Z=d

 Maximum moment under ultimate section can carry

The force in the concrete stress block

Substituting

Workout Example
b =200mm h=400mm, As = 402mm2

Find ultimate moment capacity of the section

From force equilibrium

77.1mm

<0.657d so steel is yield

Moment of resistance
of section

Cracking according to BSEN

The
expression for the design crack width given in EC2

the design crack width

= the maximum crack spacing

= the mean strain of the reinforcement allowing for the effects of tension
stiffening of the
concrete

= the mean strain in the concrete between cracks

Maximum crack spacing

=coefficient of bond properties 0.8 for high bond and 1.6 for plain
Nature of strain distribution, 0.5 for flexure and 1.0 for tension
=/

= factor that account for duration of loading (0.6 for short term and

long term loading)

= area of reinforcement

= effective tension area of concrete

= effective depth is the lesser of

= h/2

Or

0.4 for

Workout Example
Calculate the flexural crack width for beam subjected to 50kNm moment.
Concrete class is C25/30.

=342 mm

= 31 kN/mm2

= 200 kN/mm2

=226 mm2

= 402 mm2
= 400 mm

= 2.5 (400-342) 200 = 29000mm2

Calculate the neutral axis depth

Taking moment around neutral axis

Calculate stress in tension steel

80 mm


Calculate
mean
strain

= 0.00192

Calculate maximum crack spacing

C= cover 50 mm , , , =16 mm

366.25 mm

Calculate crack width

140
120
100
80

:Load kN

= 0.7032 mm

60
40

400 x 200 T16 NC G30

EC2 Code

20

400 x 200 T16 G30 NC Wet

Max

0
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Crack Width mm

Compare Experimental results and EC2 Code predictions

Deflection according to the BS EN

Calcuations
are based on cracked and uncracked section. Estimate of average

value of curvature can be obtained using,

average curvature

cracked case and uncracked case respectively

= coefficient given by )2 allowing for tension stiffening.

= load duration factor (1.0 for single short term; 0.5 for sustain or cyclic
loading)

) can be replace by ) , M is design moment and moment that will cause

cracking

Maximum deflection can be calculate

as

K = constant the value of which depends on distribution of bending moment

L = the effective span

Workout Example

Calculate the deflection at moment of 50kNm, concrete class C25/30, length of

beam 3 m.

=342 mm

= 31 kN/mm2

= 200 kN/mm2

=226 mm2
= 402 mm2
= 400 mm

= 2.5 (400-342) 200 = 29000mm2

= 2.6 N/mm2

section
Curvature due to uncracked

1.512

 Calculate the curvature due to cracked section

Calculate the neutral axis depth
Taking moment around neutral axis
80 mm

Calculate the second moment of area of the

mm4

Cracked curvature

7.56

Calculate the cracking moment

8.67 kNm

140

Average curvature

=)

= 0.97

120
100
80

Load /kN

60

7.38

40

400 x 200 T16 G30 EC2 code

20

Calculate the deflection

7.38

0
0.00

400 x 200 T16 G30 NC Wet EXP

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

Deflection / mm

Compare Experimental and EC2 results

14.00