Presented to:

Shahzad Ahmad

Oil & Gas

H.M Bilal

(2013-BT-MECH-125)

Bilal Liaqat

(2013-BT-MECH-105)

OIL & GAS

What is Oil & Gas.?
Oil & natural gas are naturally occurring
chemicals that are made up of just two elements Carbon
& Hydrogen.

How Petroleum is
formed.?
Petroleum is formed when large quantities of
dead organisms are buried under the sedimentary rock
& subjected to intense heat & pressure.

Drilling & Drill Bit:

Drilling:
Drill is a cutting process that uses a drill bit
to cut or enlarge a hole of circular cross section in
solid materials.

Drill Bit:
The drill bit is a rotary cutting tool.

Types of drilling:
Offshore drilling:
It is a mechanical process where a wellbore
is dilled blow the seabed.

Onshore drilling:
It is a mechanical process in which wellbore
is drilled on land.

How to Drill a well:

Identify where the oil is.

Rent a rig for yourself.

Drill a hole.

Run a casing & cement.

Run your completion.

Select tool & servicing required:

Drilling Rig
Fluid system
Cement
Drill string
Casing
Completion

Drill String:
Bit
Cuts or crushes rocks

Motor
Orients the bit in the desired direction

Rotary Steerable:
Orients the bit in the desired direction while rotating.

Drilling fluid:
Drilling fluid, known as mud, has several different functions
essential to drilling an oil or gas well, including
Subsurface pressure control
Cuttings removal and transport to the surface
Suspend solids
Helps suspends weight of the drillstring and casing
Lubrication & cooling of the drillstring & bit
Wellbore stability
Transmit hydraulic energy to downhole tools

Casing:
It is a large diameter pipe that is assembled and
inserted into a recently drilled section of a bore
hole and typically held into place by cement.

Casing Material:
Stainless steel, aluminum,
titanium, fiber glass.

Types of casing:
Conductor Casing
Surface casing
Intermediate casing
Production Casing

Purposes of casing:
Prevent contamination of fresh water well zone.
Prevent unstable upper formations from caving in and sticking the drill
string.
Provides a strong upper foundation to use high density drilling fluid for
deep drilling.
Isolates different zones that may create difference in the pressure called
zonal isolation.
Seals high pressure zones from surface, avoiding potential for blowout.
Prevents fluid loss or contamination of production zones.
Provides internal bore for smooth installing production equipment.

Cement:
Protects & seals the wellbore
Isolate fluids from moving between formations
Isolate unstable formations
Plug off unwanted wellbore

Basic cementing procedure

A typical primary casing cementing job follows the basic procedure
described in the following sections:
running casing
circulating mud by rig pump
pressure testing
pumping wash and spacer
mixing slurry
pumping lead slurry
pumping tail slurry
dropping the top plug
displacing slurries and plugs with fluid checking returns.

Cementing Equipment:
Cementing jobs are usually performed with the following
equipment:
bulk equipment for storing and mixing
cementing pump unit
treating irons
mixing system
batch mixer
fluid tanks
liquid additive system
cement heads.

Types of Cement Casing:

Conductor casing cementing
Surface casing cementing
Intermediate casing cementing
Production casing cementing

 Conductor casing cementing

 Surface casing cementing

 Intermediate casing cementing

 Reduction casing cementing

Well Cementing:
It is the process of introducing cement to the annular space
between the well bore & casing or to the annular space between
two successive casing strings

Cementing Purpose:
To support the radial & vertical loads applied to the
casing.
Isolate porous formations from the producing zone
formations.
Exclude un-wanted sub-surface fluids from the producing
interval.
Protect casing from corrosion.
Resist chemical deterioration of cement.
Confine abnormal pore pressure.

Types of
pressure:

Formation pressure:
The pressure of the fluid within the pore
spaces of the formation rock.

Hydrostatic
pressure:
The pressure exerted by a fluid at
equilibrium at a given point within the
fluid.

Energy Consumption in Domestic

Sector
Gas

LPG

Oil

Electricity

Coal

35%
57%

2%
6%

Energy Consumption in Industrial

Sector
Gas

Electricity

15%

Oil

Coal

2%

14%
69%

Energy Consumption in Transport

Sector
Sales
Diesal Oil
Electicity

Gasoline
Gasoline

Air Ctraft Fuel

Furnace Oil

10%
0%
6%
13%
71%

Sectoral Energy Consumption:

Industrial
Domestic

Agriculture
Others

33%

Commercial
Transport

37%

2%

2%
22% 4%

Oil & Gas E & P companies in

Pakistan
In Pakistan two types of companies are present:

Expatriate Companies

National Companies

Expatriate
Companies:

British Petroleum
(BP)

In 1909 it was formed by name Anglo-Persian Oil Company.

Renamed as British Petroleum in 1954.
3rd largest Oil & Gas E & P company in Pakistan.
Fields located at BADIN in SINDH,MIR PUR KHAS & KHIPRO.
Oil production is 9541 bbl/d.
Gas production is 225 MMcf/d.

Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi :

Formed on Feb 10,1953.
1st European offshore gas company.
Fields located at KADA WARI,BADRA & BHIT.
Oil production is 340 bbl/d.
Gas production is 338 MMcf/d.

Osterreichishe Mineralol Verwaltunh

Formed in 1956.
Largest Oil & Gas company among central Europe.
Fields located at SWAN & MIANO.
Oil production is 94 bbl/d.
Gas production is 519 MMcf/d.

MOL Hungarian Oil & Gas Public

Limited Company
Formed on Oct 1,1991.
One of central Europes leading Oil & Gas company.
Fields located at MANZALAI,MAKORI,MAMI KHEL & TAL BLOCK.
Oil production is 2483 bbl/d.
Gas production is 63 MMcf/d.

BHP Billiton

Formed in 2001.
Largest Mining company of world.
Head quarters located at Melbourne & London.
40990 workers in 25 countries.
Field located at Zam Zama & Dadu.

National
Companies:

Oil & Gas Development CoOperation Limited (OGDCL)

Formed on March 4,1961.
National industry of Pakistan.
Fields located at Qadir Pur,Pirkoh,Sadkal,Dhodak ,Kunnar,Tandu
Alam & Punj Pir.
Oil production is 41,397 bbl/d.
Gas production is 904 MMcf/d.

Pakistan Petroleum
Limited:
Formed on June 5,1950.
Discovered Gas at Sui in 1952.
Fields located at Sui, Adhi, Kandh Kot & Mazaran.
Oil production is 5060 bbl/d.
Gas production is 830 MMcf/d.

MARY Petroleum Company

Limited:
Formed in 1957 as Esso Eastern incorporation.
Fields located at Mary Gas.
Gas production is 3.5 Tcf/d.

Pakistan Oilfields Limited:

Formed on Nov. 25,1950.
Took over Attock Oil company in 1978.
Fields located at Pariwali, Joyamari, Manwal, Bhulain,
Pindori & Balkassar.
Oil production is 6333 bbl/d.
Gas production is 35 MMcf/d.

Service
Companies:

Schlumburger:
Formed in 1956.
Worlds largest services company.
It has 87,000 employees in 80 different
countries.

Hali-burton:
Formed in 1924.
Worlds second largest services company after
Schlumburger.
It has 57,000 employees in 70 different countries.

Weatherford:
Formed in 1948.
Worlds 3rd largest services company.
It has 50,000 employees in 100 countries.

Unit Conversions
Petroleum Units:
1 Barrel

158.9 Litters

1 Litter

1000 ml

1 Barrel

42 Gallons

1 Gallon

3.78 Litters

Gas Units:
1 MMcf

10,00,000

1 cf

0.01926 Kg

1 Kg

51.92108 cf

QUESTIONS???

Thank
You