Group 1

Chapter 1 and Chapter 2

WHAT IS RESEARCH
A somewhat intimidating term for some, is simply the
process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough
study and analysis of the situation factors.

Business research
as an organized, systematic,
data-based, critical, objective,
scientific inquiry or investigation
into a specific problem,
undertaken with
purpose of finding answers or
solutions to it

Types of business
research
Applied research
To solve a current
problem
Demanding a time
solution
To take a corrective
action
Exp: Research about a
financial decision.

Basic Research
To generate body of
knowledge by tying how
certain problem that
occur in orgnization.
Exp: Research about
employee performance

Manager and research

I Must
Know
About
resear
ch

To identify problem situations

Know how to discriminate good
from bad research
To interact effectively with the
external researches

Manager and researches

To interact
most
effectively
with
researches

Specifying the role and contains

Congruence in the value systems
Roles and expectations made
explicit

Relevant philosophies and value

system of the organization are clearly
stated

Manager and Research

1. Identify and effectively solve minor problems in the work
setting.
2. Know how to discriminate good from bad research.
3. Appreciate and be constantly aware of the multiple influences
and multiple effects of factors impinging on a situation.
4. Take calculated risks in decision making, knowing full well the
probabilities associated with the different possible outcomes.
5. Prevent possible vested interests from exercising their
influence in a situation.
6. Relate to hired researchers and consultants more effectively.
7. Combine experience with scientific knowledge while making
decisions.

Manager and researches

Simply conclusion from our discuss, Research is a process to solve a

problem by analyzing all the factors of the situation and observations
made concatenated.
And as a Manager, knowledge of research will help us to know how to
solve the problem, collect relevant information, analyze the data properly
and quickly, and can interact with the research consultant.

Role of Ethics and business research

Refers to code of conduct or expected societal
norm
Begins with the person instituting the research,
who should do so in good faith, pay attention to
what the result indicate, and surrounding ego.
Behavior researches who conduct the
investigation
Participant who provide the data
Analyst who provide the result
The entire team that present the interpretation of
the result.

Scientific Research
Scientific research
solving problems and pursues a step-by-step
logical, organized, and rigorous method to identify
the problems, gather data, analyze them, and draw
valid conclusions from them.
Scientific investigation tends to be more
objective
than subjective
Scientific Investigation
Non Scientific
Investigation
Systematic and Objective

Subjective

Based on the information

that have been produced in
previous studies

emotions and feelings of

the research is conducted

Exp: Thesis

Exp: financial research

Eight Hallmark of Scientific Research

Purposivene
ss

Parsimony

Generalizabil
ity

Rigor
Scient
ific
Resea
rch

Objectivity

Testability

Replicability
Precision
and
confidence

We Shall examine how the eight hallmarks of science apply to

the investigation, so that it may be considered Scientific

The Building Block of Science

Observation

Refinement of theory
(pure research)
Or
Implementation
(applied research)

Identification of
problem area

Theoretical framework or
Network of
association

Science Methods
Deductive

Interpretation
of data

Hypotheses

Inductive
Deductive-Inductive

Construct Concepts
Operational definitions

Analysis of
data
Data
Collection

Research
Design

Seven-step process in the

hypothetico-deductive method

Identify a broad problem area

Define the problem statement
Develop Hypotheses
Determine measure
Data Collection
Data Analysis
Interpretation of data

INDUCTION AND DEDUCTION

METHOD
Deductive
Inductive Reasoning

Reasoning

OBSERVATION/ EXPERIMENT

GENERALIZATION

PREDICTION

PARADIGM/ THEORY

Inductive
Specific
Case(s)
Deductive

General
Rules
Or Principles

Research in management areas is not

always scientific
In management and social sciences is not
always possible to conduct scientific
investigation 100%. This is mainly difficulties
encountered in the measurement and data
collection in the field of subjective such as :
Feelings
Emotions
Attitudes
Perceptions

Alternative perspective on what makes good

research
Postivism

Research is seen as the way to get the truth

Concern with the rigor and replicability
Contrutionism
Do not search for the objective truth
Interested in how people views of the world
Critical Realism
Combination of the belief in an external reality (an objective truth) with the
rejection of the claim that this external reality can be objectively
measured
Observation will always be subject to interpretation
Pragmatism
Process where concept are generalization of past action
Interaction already had with environment

Advantage of knowledge about

different perspective
Help the researches to get the truth about
the subject of the research
Able to determine the best method to do
research
Able to know the steps and coverage
needs to be done in research