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SOCIALIZATION
THE FUNCTIONALISTS SUCH AS DURKHEIM, PARSONS AND MERTON ARGUE THAT THE INSTITUTIONS SUCH AS THE
FAMILY, RELIGION, EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM HAVE PARTICULAR FUNCTION TO PLAY IN SOCIETY. FOR EXAMPLE, FAMILY
HAS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF SOCIALISATION.
THE MARXISTS ARGUES THAT SOCIETY IS GOVERNED BY THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM. IN SOCIETY, THERE ARE TWO
MAIN SOCIAL CLASSES: UPPER CLASS (BOURGEOISIE) AND WORKING CLASS (PROLETARIAT). THE UPPER CLASS
OWNS ALL THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION (LAND, CAPITAL AND ENTERPRISE). THE WORKING CLASS HAS ONLY THEIR
LABOUR TO SELL. THERE IS A CONFLICT (DIALECTIC MATERIALISM) THAT OCCURS BETWEEN THESE TWO CLASSES
TO OWN THE MEANS OF PRODUCTION THAT LEADS TO THE OVERTHROW OF CAPITALISM BY THE WORKING CLASS
TO SET UP COMMUNISM. IN A COMMUNIST SOCIETY, THERE WILL NO CLASS OR PRIVATE PROPERTY.
MAX WEBER CRITICISES KARL MARX FOR IGNORING THE MIDDLE CLASS. THE MIDDLE CLASS IS AN INTERMEDIATE
CLASS BETWEEN THE UPPER CLASS AND THE WORKING CLASS. THEY HAVE NO PROPERTY AS THE UPPER CLASS BUT
DO HAVE THE MARKET SITUATION (QUALIFICATION: ACCA). THE STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN SOCIETY IS NOT ONLY
DETERMINED BY CLASS BUT ALSO BY THE ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS AND RACE.
INTERACTIONIST BELIEVES THAT THE BEHAVIOUR OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS BUILT UP BY THE INTERACTION BETWEEN
INDIVIDUALS. LABELLING AS PUT FORWARD BY ROSENTHAL AND JACOBSON IS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN
UNDERSTANDING ON HOW TEACHER TAGS STUDENTS. THIS LABELLING HAS A DIRECT EFFECT OF THE LEVEL OF
SUCCESS OR FAILURE OF A STUDENT.
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
Social constructions of individual identity: how the society build up the
Social Control
Social control is used to make the individual to comply with the rules and
regulations of society. There are two types of social control: formal and
informal.
The agencies of formal social control: police, legal system.
The agencies of informal social control: family, religion and peer group.
There are rewards and punishments used to make individual to the rules,
norms and values of society.
Sub-cultures are usually non-conformists (Youth-subculture, religious subcultures). (Teddy Boy)
Social order: the ways in which societies and their institutions remain stable
over time.
IS GLOBALISATION
CREATING A GLOBAL
CULTURE?
Some sociologists argue the globalisation has makes all the culture all over
the world to become one. It is called a global culture. Some say that the
model of the global model is based western ones (American). This process
of American modelling is called Westernisation.
SOCIALISATION
Definition of socialisation.
Primary and secondary socialisation
Agencies of primary and secondary socialisation.
Nature (Biological, Instinct, biological inherited characteristics like
the bees)
Nurture (Socialisation process)