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Inorganic Chemistry
Lecture 1.
G. N. Lewis
was probably
the best chemist
who never won
the Nobel Prize
H-atom
H-atom
H 2 molecule
O-atom
O-atom
O 2 molecule
Periodic table
3
Oxygen has six valence electrons
O-atom
O-atom
O 2 molecule
.. ..
H:H
Single bond
:O::O:
double bond
:N:::N:
triple bond
N-atom
N-atom
triple bond
N 2 molecule
Periodic table
1
H
H
H
Hydrogens
achieve two
electrons like He
Carbon achieves
octet of electrons
single line
= single bond
O=C=O
Carbon and both oxygens
achieve an octet of electrons
double line =
double bond
two shared
pairs of electrons
= double bond
double
bond?
single
bond?
O=S-O
(or O-S=O ?)
SO2 is an example where a
actual structure is average
of the two (bond order = 1) :
molecule can be written in
two ways and actual structure
is the average of the two. This
is called RESONANCE (see later)
..
..
double arrow
= resonance
O
=
O
O
O
O-O bonds = 2.78
O
O
..
..
N
..
N
N
O
average structure
B.O. = 2
O
N
average bond
order (B.O.)=
2 + 1 + 1 = 1
3
B.O. = 1
O
N
O
N
B.O. = 1
Resonance in benzene.
H
C
H
C
C
H
C
C
H
H
H
C
C
C
H
or
C
C
H
Best representation of
BF3 with B
having only
6 electrons
in its valence
shell
nitric oxide
chlorine dioxide
F
P has
10 valence
electrons
F
F
PF5
IF7
XeF6
(both I and Xe have 14 valence es)
(Think about [XeF8]2-)