TOTAL QUALITY

MANAGEMENT
Evolution of TQM
philosophies
Presented By:
Ms. Irum Shahzadi
6th lecture

The Deming Philosophy

He believed that quality must be built into the
products at all stages in order to achieve a high level
of excellence. He defines quality as predictable degree of
uniformity and dependability at low cost.
A product or a service possesses quality if it helps somebody
and enjoys a good and sustainable market.
Deming is best known as pioneers of quality concept in Japan
(1950), he is regarded as national hero of Japan.(Deming Prize).

The Deming Philosophy

Deming chain reaction Quality improves, costs will decrease and
productivity will increase, resulting in more jobs, greater market
shares and long term survival.
Improve quality

Long-term
competitive
strength

Decrease cost because of

less rework, fewer
mistakes.

Stay in business

Productivity improves

Capture the market

with better quality and
reduced cost.

The Demings 14 points

His 14 points provide a theory for management to improve quality,
productivity and competitive position. 14 points for management:
1. Create and publish the aims and purposes of the company:
The management must demonstrate their commitment to this statement
and conveys to all stakeholders of the organization. Vision statement is
forever changing documents that requires output from everyone. Long
terms goals should be developed.
2. Learn the new philosophy:
We are in a new economic age. We no longer need live with commonly
accepted levels of delay, mistake, defective materials and defective
workmanship. Top management and everyone must learn new philosophy
according to anticipated changes. Customer is satisfied if he finds
products according to his wishes. By improving the process, quality and
productivity will improve. Through quality, customers attitude can be
change.

The Demings 14 points

3. Understand the purpose of inspection:
Management must understand the purpose of inspection is to reduce the
cost and improve the processes.
4. Stop awarding business on the basis of price tag alone:
The organization must stop awarding business based on the low price
because price has no meaning with the quality. Purpose should be to
develop long term loyalty and trust based relations by proving improved
products and services.

The Demings 14 points

5. Improve constantly:
Find the problems, constantly improve the system of production and
service. There should be continual reduction of waste and continual
improvement of quality in every activity so as to yield a continual rise in
productivity and a decrease in costs. Management must take
responsibility for rectifying problems and improving constantly the
system of production and service.
6. Institute training: (foundations of training):
For improvement, management must allocate resources to train
employees to perform their jobs in the best manner possible. Everyone
should be trained in statistical methods and these methods should be used
to monitor the needs for further training.

The Demings 14 points

7. Teach and Institute leadership:
Improving supervision is managements responsibility. They
must provide supervisors with training in statistical methods
and these 14 points so the new philosophy can be implemented.
Supportive culture should be promoted. All communication
must be clear from top management to supervisor to operators.

The Demings 14 points

8. Drive out fear, create Trust and Create an environment of
innovation:
No one can put in his best performance unless he feels secure (it
means without fear, not afraid to express ideas, not afraid to ask
questions).
Management must encourage open, effective communication and
teamwork. Fear is caused by a general feeling of powerless to
control important aspects of ones life. It is caused by lack of job
security, possible physical harm, performance appraisal, poor
supervision, and not know the job.
Driving fear out of the work place involves managing for success.
Work must be provided with adequate training effective supervision,
and proper tools to do job and remove physical dangers. When people
are treat with dignity, fear will be eliminated.

The Demings 14 points

9. Optimize the team efforts:
Organizations manage people and work through functional departments.
The manager and people within these departments are dedicated to their
own objectives that are usually divisive. Departments are competing,
rather than collaborating, with each other. The traditional system creates
barriers to communication across the organization, but teamwork is sorely
needed throughout the company. It allows to compensate ones weakness
with someone elses strength.
Management must optimize the effort of teams, work groups, and staff
areas to achieve the aims and purposes of the organizations. Internal
and external barriers are always exist. They exist because of poor
communication, ignorance of organizations mission, competition, fear
and personal jealousies. Management must change the attitude,
communication channels must be improved, proper organized teams and
trained them

The Demings 14 points

10. Eliminate exhortations for the workforce:
Exhortations (urging) that ask for increased productivity without
providing specific improvement methods can handicap an
organization. They do nothing but express managements desires. They
do not produce a better product or service. Because the workers are
limited by systems. Goals should be achievable.
11.a. Eliminate numerical quotas for production:
Instead of quotas, management must learn and institute methods for
improvement. Quotas focus on quantity rather than quality.it should be
replaced with statistical methods of process control.
11.b. Eliminate management by objectives:
Instead of management by objective, management must learn the
capabilities of the processes and how to improve them.

The Deming philosophy

12. Remove the barriers that rob pride of workmanship.
Loss of pride in workmanship exist throughout organization because;
Workers do not know how to relate to organizations mission, They are
blamed for system problems, poor workstation, inadequate training, Poor
supervision poor tools.
Barriers against realization of pride of workmanship may in fact be one of the
most important obstacles to reduction of cost and improvement of quality.
Employees must be provided with the required.
13. Encourage learning and self-improvement;
Management must show long term commitment to train and develop its
employees. They must be trained as per organizations changing requirement.
14.Take action to accomplish the transformation:
Management has to accept the primary responsibility for the never-ending
improvement of the process. It has to create a corporate structure to
implement the philosophy. A cultural change is required form the previous
attitude.
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