Engineering Mathematics II

(ECC3002)
Basic Solution Concepts,
& Separable ODEs

The Solution Concepts (E.g. 1)

A
differential equation (DE)
E.g.
can be solved (in order to find its solution) through
integration

i.e.
c can be any values
e.g. 0, -100, 99, 2.75
etc. Hence this
solution is known as a
family solution

The Solution Concepts (E.g. 2)

A
functional equation
E.g.

has its own differential equation (DE)

i.e.

A functional equation can be a solution to its

differential equation (DE)
Differential
Equation

Functional
equation

This function is a
solution to its
differential equation!!!!

The Solution Concepts (E.g. 3)

The
functional equation
E.g.

has its own differential equation (DE)

i.e.

A functional equation can be a solution to its

differential equation (DE)
Differential
Equation

This function is a solution to its

differential equation!!!!
The solution y has an arbitrary
constant c hence solution y is a
general solution!!!

Functional
equation

Initial Value Problem (E.g. 3)

on example 3, the following ODE:
Based

has a general solution of:

What is the solution, given an initial value y of 0.5 at t

=0
(i.e. y(0)=0.5)?
Thus, the solution
at the
initialNOT
point
is
The solution
y does
contain
an

arbitrary constant c at the initial point

hence solution y is a particular
solution at the initial point!!!

Case Study:
Exponential Growth (E.g. 3)
on example 3, the following ODE:
Based

has a general solution of:

The c value may vary, at initial point:

Case Study:
Exponential Decay (E.g. 4)
on the negative version of example 3, the
Based

following ODE:

has a general solution of:

The c value may vary, at initial point:

-Have a brEAkAre u confused?

(a) NO
(b) YES
If (b) then your
foundation on
Derivation &
Integration is
Shaky!!
DANGEROUS!!

Separable ODE
that an ODE consists of 2 different variables
Assuming

x and y, both variables can be separated as such x is

on the right and y is on the left (vice versa).

By separating x and y, we can integrate both sides

independently in order to derive the general
solution:
Thus:

Please remember to
always introduce c
immediately after
integration

Separable ODE (E.g. 5)

The
following ODE:

Can be separated into:

The solution through integration:

produces..

Thus:

Recall:

Recall:

Please remember to
always introduce c
immediately after
integration
otherwise you will
get different results
y = tan (x) + c

Separable ODE (E.g. 6)

The
following ODE:

Can be separated into:

The solution through integration:

produces

Thus:

Recall:

Separable ODE (E.g. 6 cont.)

For:

where:

Recall:

Thus:

Substitute back into the original equation:

Hence.

Separable ODE (E.g. 7)

the following ODE as its initial value
Solved

(i.e. derive the particular

solution):

Recall:

Through separation:
The solution through integration:
produces.

Thus:

The initial value solution:

Assume:
Through
initial
value
substitutio
n:
=1.8

Selected Exercises from Text

Book
the ODE:
Solve

Verify that y is a solution of the

ODE. Solve the IVP.

Selected Exercises from Text Book

(cont.)
Find
the general solution.

Find the general solution. Solve

the IVP.

Thought for the day

Time and tide wait

for no man
--unknown