Class 1b

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copyright@2009-2010 PCCOE,
Mrs Preethi S.J
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MATLAB
1. Matlab is a product of
MATHWORKS
2. It is software package designed for
scientific and engineering
computation
3. Writing programs in Matlab is
easier compared to other
programming languages, because
u need not worry about
Mrs Preethi S.J
Declaration of variables, types, sizes and
Features of Matlab
1. Every numeric data is stored in form

of a matrix.
2. Has graphics
3. Precise numerical calculations
4. User friendly
5. Large set of inbuilt functions and
toolbox
6. Functions are written in optimized C,
with inner loops
coded in assembly
Mrs Preethi S.J
Matlab has
1. Command window- where we type

commands, execute programs and
launch other windows
2. Editor window- Here we write and edit
matlab programs
3. Figure Window- To visualize plots and
images
4. Help Window- It provides help
information and documentation
Mrs Preethi S.J
5. Command history window- Displays

the commands typed in the previous
Matlab sessions.
6. Current directory window- Shows files
and directory available in current
working directory of matlab
7. Workspace Window- This is a window
where information about variables
and their data is stored. It allows us
to directly modify data for a variable
Mrs Preethi S.J
1. EXIT,QUIT=> ends matlab session

2. To start with simple mathematical
operations (like calculator)
Variables
1.Have not to be previously declared
2.Variable names can contain up to
31Characters
3.Variable names must start with a letter
followed by letters, digits, and
underscores.
4.Variable names are case sensitive
Mrs Preethi S.J
Matlab Special Variables

1.ans : Default variable name for results
2.pi : Value of
3.eps : Smallest incremental number
4.Inf: Infinity
5.NaN: Not a number e.g. 0/0
6.realmin :The smallest usable positive real
number
7.realmax :The largest usable positive real
number
Mrs Preethi S.J
Matlab Assignment &

Operators
Assignment = a = b (assign b to a)
Addition + a + b
Subtraction - a -b
Multiplication * or.* a*b or a.*b
Division / or ./ a/b or a./b
Power ^ or .^ a^b or a.^b
Mrs Preethi S.J
Matlab Matrices
A matrix with only one row is called a row
vector. A row vector can be created in
Matlab as follows (note the commas):
rowvec = [12 , 14 , 63]
rowvec =
12 14 63
colvec = [13 ; 45 ; -2]
colvec =
13
45
-2
Mrs Preethi S.J
matrix = [1 , 2 , 3 ; 4 , 5 ,6 ; 7 , 8 , 9]
matrix =
1
4
7
2
5
8
3
6
9
>> matrix(2,:)
ans =
4
>> matrix(:,3)
ans =
3
6
9
Mrs Preethi S.J
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Matlab Matrices
A column vector can be extracted from a matrix.
As an example we create a matrix below:
matrix=[1,2,3;4,5,6;7,8,9]
matrix =
123
456
789
Here we extract column 2 of the matrix and make
a column vector:
col_two=matrix( : , 2)
col_two =
2
5
8
Mrs Preethi S.J
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>> y=eye(3)
y=
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
>> z=zeros(4,3)
z=
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mrs Preethi S.J
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>> w=ones(3,5)
w=
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
>>x = rand(1,3)
x=
0.9501 0.2311 0.6068
Operators (relational,
logical)
== equal
~= not equal
< less than
<= less than or equal
> greater than
>= greater than or
equal
& AND
| OR
~ NOT
pi 3.14159265
j imaginary unit,
i same as j
[]
()
concatenation
subscription
x = [ zeros(1,3) ones(1,2) ]
x =
0 0 0 1 1
x = [ 1 3 5 7 9]
x =
1 3 5 7 9
y = x(2)
y =
3
y = x(2:4)
y =
3 5 7
Graph Functions
(summary)
plot
linear plot
stem discrete plot
grid
add grid lines
xlabel add X-axis label
ylabel add Y-axis label
title
add graph title
subplot
divide figure window
figure create new figure window
COMPLEX NUMBERS
>> x=1-2i
x=
1.0000 - 2.0000i
>> abs(x)
ans =
2.2361
>> angle(x)
ans =
-1.1071
>> real(x)
ans =
1
>> imag(x)
ans =
-2
switch
Switch among several cases, based on expression
Syntax
switch switch_expr
case case_expr
statement, ..., statement
case {case_expr1, case_expr2, case_expr3, ...}
otherwise

End
Terminate execution of for or while loop
break
input
Request user input
Syntax
user_entry = input('prompt')
user_entry = input('prompt', 's')
disp
Display text or array
Syntax
disp(X)
1. Structures
2. Functions
3. Strings
4. Files
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Mrs Preethi S.J
25

Class 1b

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Class 1b

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1

Declaration of variables, types, sizes and

1. Every numeric data is stored in form

1. Command window- where we type

5. Command history window- Displays

1. EXIT,QUIT=> ends matlab session

Matlab Special Variables

Matlab Assignment &

statement, ..., statement

case {case_expr1, case_expr2, case_expr3, ...}

statement, ..., statement

statement, ..., statement

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