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Routing involves two basic activities: Determination of optimal path to the destination.
Transport or delivery of packets to the
destination.
Routing Basic
Direct Delivery
Indirect Delivery
Direct Delivery
Host A
Direct Delivery
Host B
To rest of Internet
Direct Delivery
Indirect delivery
Indire
ct del
ivery
Host A
Indirect delivery
R1
Indirect delivery
R2
R3
Direct delivery
Indirect Delivery
Host B
Routing Methods
Routing Methods
Next hop routing:
Host A
Host B
----
R2
Network 1
Network 2
Host B
Host B
R1
Network 3
R2
Host B
R1
N1
N2
Destn
Next Hop
R1
R1
R1
R1
D
Network Specific Routing
Destn
Next Hop
R1
N2
R1
N1
Destn
Next Hop
Host B
R3
N2
R1
N3
R3
R3
R1
R2
N2
N3
Host Specific Routing
Dest
N2
Default
Next Hop
R1
R2
R1
N1
N2
R1
Internet
Routing Basic
Static Routing
Dynamic routing
Routing Basic
Routing Algorithms
All dynamic routing protocols are based on some
algorithms.
Algorithms must be able to quickly determine the
Network topology.
This process is called Convergence.
Convergence must take place rapidly.
Each algorithm has a different impact on Network
and Routers.
Routing algorithms use a variety of Metrics
that affect calculation of Optimal Routs.
Path Determination
Metrics
The distance vector protocol is also known as FordFulkerson routing algorithm named after the
inventors.
When a router detects changes in the state of its direct link the
router broadcast the change to all others through a process called
flooding.
Routing Basic
Routing Basic
RIP Features
Hop-count:
Maximum 15 hops. Beyond that unreachable.
Split Horizon:
Never send the information about a router back in the
same direction. (Called reverse route)
Triggered Updates
If metric changes send out an update (Flash update)
Hold-Downs:
Prevents regular update for a route has gone bad.
RIP 2
Support VLSM
Routing Tags to supports EGP
Support multicasting.
Enhanced IGRP
Features of EIGRP
Fast Convergence : EIGRP stores all of its
neighbors routing tables so that it can quickly
adapt to alternate route.
If no appropriate route exists EIGRP queries
its neighbor routers to discover an alternate
route.
Supports VLSM
Partial, bounded updates: Does not make
period updates, instead it sends partial updates
only when the metric for a Route changes.
Multiple Network Layer support: Supports for
AppleTalk, IP and Novell NetWare.
C.K.Sundaram
SDE Computer
RGM TTC, Chennai 600 027