DEFORESTATION

PRESENTED BY
GROUP II
 DEFINITION
• Deforestation is the logging and/or burning of
trees in a forested area
 REASONS FOR
DEFORESTATION
• Charcoal
• Cleared land is used as pasture
• Plantations of commodities and human
settlement
• Lax forest management
• Deficient environmental law
 CAUSES
• Corruption of
government institutions
• Inequitable distribution
of wealth and power
• population growth
• Globalization
 ..Cont
• Causing extinction
• Changes to climatic
conditions
• Desertification
• Displacement of
indigenous people
 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS

ATMOSPHERIC

HYDROLOGICAL

SOIL

ECOLOGICAL
 ATMOSPHERIC
• Global climate change
• Results to green house
effect
• Deforestation is
responsible for
approximately 20% of
world greenhouse gas
emissions
 …Cont
• Deforestation may
cause carbon stores
held in soil to be
released
• Reduces the content of
water in the soil and
groundwater as well as
atmospheric moisture
 HYDROLOGICAL
• Trees extract • Increases soil erosion
groundwater through
their roots and release it
into the atmosphere
• Forest is removed, the
trees no longer evaporate
away this water, resulting
in a much drier climate.
 …Cont
• Quicker transport of surface water can
translate into flash flooding and more
localized floods than would occur with the
forest cover
• Absence of trees can change the quantity of
water on the surface, in the soil or
groundwater
 …Cont
• Tropical rainforests produce about 30% of our
planets fresh water.
 SOIL
• Undisturbed forest has very low rates of soil
loss
• Deforestation generally increases rates of soil
erosion
• China's Loess Plateau was cleared of forest
millennia ago
 Cont…
• Since then it has been eroding, creating
dramatic incised valleys, and providing the
sediment that gives the Yellow River its yellow
color and that causes the flooding of the river
in the lower reaches
 …Cont
• Trees themselves enhance the loss of grass
between tree canopies
• The bare inter canopy areas become highly
erodible
• Tree roots bind soil together
• They act to keep The soil in place by also
binding with underlying bedrock
 ECOLOGICAL
• Removal or destruction of areas of forest
cover has resulted in a degraded environment
with reduced biodiversity
• Forests support biodiversity, providing habitat
for wildlife moreover, forests foster medicinal
conservation
 …cont
• It has been estimated that we are losing 137
plant, animal and insect species every single
day due to rainforest deforestation
• 1 species per year from mammals and birds
which extrapolates to approximately 23,000
species per year for all species
 …Cont
• Predictions have been made that more than
40% of the animal and plant species in
Southeast Asia could be wiped out in the 21st
century
 ECONOMIC IMPACT
• Damage to forests and other aspects of nature
could halve living standards for the world's
poor and reduce global GDP by about 7% by
2050
• Developed countries continue to utilize timber
for building houses, and wood pulp for paper
 ..Cont
• In developing countries almost three billion
people rely on wood for heating and cooking
• The forest products industry is a large part of
the economy in both developed and
developing countries
• West Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia and
many other regions have experienced lower
revenue
 ..Cont
• Illegal logging causes billions of dollars of
losses to national economies annually
• The new procedures to get amounts of wood
are causing more harm to the economy and
overpowers the amount of money spent by
people employed in logging
 CONTROLLING
DEFORESTATION

KYOTO PROTOCOL

FARMING

FOREST MANAGEMENT

CERTIFICATION OF SUSTAINABLE FOREST
MANAGEMENT PRACITICES

REFORESTATION

FOREST PLANTATIONS
 KYOTO PROTOCOL
• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and
Forest Degradation (REDD) mechanisms,
which provide financial incentives for avoided
deforestation, could be implemented in a
future Kyoto Protocol
• At the moment, REDD is not implemented in
any of the flexible mechanisms defined under
the Kyoto Protocol
 FARMING
• New methods are being developed to farm
more intensively, such as high-yield hybrid
crops, greenhouse, autonomous building
gardens, and hydroponics
• These methods are often dependent on
chemical inputs to maintain necessary yields
 ..Cont
• Intensive farming can also decrease soil
nutrients by consuming at an accelerated rate
the trace minerals needed for crop growth
 FOREST MANAGEMENT
• In the areas where "slash-and-burn" is
practiced, switching to "slash-and-char" would
prevent the rapid deforestation and
subsequent degradation of soils
• The biochar thus created, is not only a durable
carbon confiscation method, but it also is an
extremely beneficial alteration to the soil
 ..Cont
• Mixed with biomass it brings the creation of
terra preta, one of the richest soils on the
planet and the only one known to regenerate
itself
 CERTIFICATE
• Certificate such as PEFC and FSC are provided
• Contributes to tackling deforestation by
creating market demand for timber from
sustainably managed forests
• Certification represents a shift from regulatory
approaches to market incentives to promote
sustainable forest management
 …cont
• By promoting the
positive attributes of
forest products from
sustainably managed
forests, certification
focuses on the demand
side of environmental
conservation
 REFORESTATION
• In the People's Republic of China, where large
scale destruction of forests has occurred, the
government has in the past required that
every able-bodied citizen between the ages of
11 and 60 plant three to five trees per year or
do the equivalent amount of work in other
forest services.
 ..Cont
• The Arbor Day Foundation's Rain Forest
Rescue program is a charity that helps to
prevent deforestation. The charity uses
donated money to buy up and preserve
rainforest land before the lumber companies
can buy it. The Arbor Day Foundation then
protects the land from deforestation
..Cont
 FOREST PLANTATION
• Plantations yielding 10 • Natural forests
cubic meters per produce about 1-2
hectare annually could cubic meters per
supply all the timber hectare
required for
international trade on 5
percent of the world's
existing forestland
 DEFORESTATION IN INDIA
• India's rising population expansion has positioned
the country in great environmental strains
• Many rely completely or implicitly on green areas
for a living
• Poverty, as well as the huge and escalating human
population places indefatigable pressure on the
forested parts of India
 Cont…
• Deforestation in the State of Meghalaya and
the surrounding region is one of the most
pressing environmental issues
• Conditions in the state and region have
changed
• Deforestation also has been taking place in
Uttar Kanada regions
• Within Uttara Kannada’s vast forest ecosystems
there is a great mosaic of various major habitats
and sub-habitats that support tremendous
biological diversity
• Shrihari Wood Industries, located in Hulekal Forest
Range, has made the complaint books of several
neighboring villages such as Sonagimane, Menasi
and Vanalli
 Cont..
• Smuggling of valuable trees is taking place to a
great extent as hundreds of sites
• Soil erosion is another major threat occurring
in the clear felled region. The erosion of mud
from the road
• Road building to transport timber
 So it’s bad, so what do you do
about it?
• Stop cutting • Suitably enforce
• Sustainable logging • legislation
• Proper management • Education &
• Indigenous people awareness
• Forest capacity • Life style changes
• Sensitive regions as • Greater appreciation
• protected areas • for Mother Nature