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TOPIC
Compression Ignition
Engines
Sections 10.1, 10.2.1-10.2.3, 10.3.2
Combustion in CI engines
Fuel injected into cylinder toward the end of the
compression stroke atomizes, vaporizes and mixes with high
temperature air
Since the air temperature and pressure are above the fuels
ignition point, spontaneous ignition of portions of already
mixed fuel and air occurs after a delay period
The cylinder pressure increases as combustion occurs
Injection continues until desired amount of fuel has entered
the cylinder
Combustion continues well into expansion stroke until all
fuel is burned
Combustion in CI engines
It is unsteady, heterogeneous, three-dimensional
process
Details of combustion process depend on:
Characteristics of the fuel
Design of combustion chamber and fuel-injection
system
Engines operating conditions
Direct-Injection systems
(a) quiescent chamber with multihole nozzle; (b) bowl-in-piston chamber with swirl
and multihole nozzle; (c) bowl-in-piston chamber with swirl and single-hole nozzle
Indirect-Injection systems
Stages of combustion
The following stages of diesel combustion process
can be defined:
Ignition delay
Premixed or rapid combustion
Mixing-controlled combustion
Late combustion phase. As with controlled
combustion the rate of combustion is governed by
diffusion until all the fuel is utilized
These stages are identified on the pressure and heatrelease diagrams
Ignition
delay
Premixed
combustion
Mixingcontrolled
combustion
Late
combustion
Stages of combustion
Ignition delay
Ignition delay period controls value of peak pressure
and its position relative to TDC, thus it affects
engine efficiency
Factor effecting delay period are:
Fuel properties
Injection timing
Engine load
Engine speed
Parameters of fuel injection equipment
Intake air pressure and temperature
Swirl rate
Injection timing