Introduction

 Image fusion
– a technique that integrates complementary
information from multiple image sensor data such that the
new image are more suitable for processing tasks.
 The fusion of images is often required for images
acquired from different instrument modalities or capture
techniques of the same scene or objects.
 Image fusion is the process by which two or more images
are combined into a single image retaining the important
features from each of the original images.
 FUSION METHODS

 Linear superposition
 Nonlinear methods
 Optimization approaches
 Artificial neural networks
 Image pyramids
 Wavelet transform
 Generic multiresolution fusion scheme
 DECISION RULE BASED IMAGE
FUSION USING WAVELET
TRANSFORM

 In recent years, many solutions to image fusion have been proposed.

 This paper presents an effective multi-resolution image fusion
methodology, which is wavelet based image fusion.
 Fusion process is applied in the clinical case: the study of some particular
disease by MR/SPECT fusion.
 The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated via
results comparison with several other image fusion methods.
 Literature survey

 The technique that was used before was called multi

resolution analysis
Existing System
 Existing System

 Fusion framework in feature-level.

 Effective multi-sensor image data fusion methodology on
the basis of discrete wavelet transform theory
 Self-Organizing Neural Network.

Proposed System
Fusion framework in Decision level
Using discrete wavelet transform method
Fuzzy logic Neural Networks
 Wavelet Transform

 What is wavelet Transform:

Wavelet Transform is a type of signal
representation that can give the frequency
content of the signal at a particular instant of
time.
 Wavelet Transform

 Why need wavelet transform?

 Wavelet analysis has advantages over traditional
Fourier methods in analyzing physical situations
where the signal contains discontinuities and
sharp spikes.
1D Discrete Wavelet Transform
2D Discrete Wavelet Transform
 New Approach

 Discrete wavelet transform can offer a more

precise way for image analysis.It decomposes a image into
low frequency band and high frequency band in different
levels, and it can also be reconstructed at these levels.
 When images are merged in this method different
frequencies are processed differently.
 Improves the quality of the new image since it works on
Feature extraction.
 The fusion algorithm is performed at the pixel level.
 DWT Sub-band Structure

Horizontal(Rows) Vertical(Columns) Image

corresponding
L 2 LL to resolution
Level R-1
L 2
Image with H 2 LH Detail Image
resolution
Level R corresponding
L 2 HL to information
visible at the
H 2 resolution
NxM H 2 HH Level R

N/2 x M
L: Lowpass filter N/2 x M/2
H: Highpass filter
2: downsample by 2
DWT Sub-band Structure
LL: Horizontal Low pass
& Vertical Low pass

LH: Horizontal Low pass

& Vertical High pass

HL: Horizontal High pass

& Vertical Low pass

HH: Horizontal High pass

& Vertical High pass
DWT Sub-band Structure

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

DWT with D=3 stages

 A DWT Example

LL2 LH2
LL1 LH1 LH2
LL0 HL2 HH2

HL1 HH1 HL2 HH2

Functional Flow Diagram
Filtering in the domain of
Input Image A spatial frequency

Wavelet decomposition

Input Image B

Image reconstruction Fusion Rules

Inverse wavelet
decomposition Fusion Decision Map

Fused Image
Functional Flow Diagram 2
 Implementation

 Relevant wavelet theory

Since image is 2-D signal, we will mainly focus on the 2-D wavelet
transforms.
After one level of decomposition, there will be four frequency bands,
namely Low-Low (LL), Low-High (LH), High-Low (HL) and High-
High (HH).
 Implementation

 The next level decomposition is just apply to the LL band of

the current decomposition stage, which forms a recursive
decomposition procedure.

 The frequency bands in higher decomposition levels will

have smaller size.
GUI - EXISTING TECHNIQUES
GUI – WAVELET APPROACH
GUI – FUZZY BASED
GUI – WAVELET AND FUZZY BASED
 Advantages
 No need to divide the input coding into non-overlapping
2-D blocks, it has higher compression ratios avoid
blocking artifacts.
 Allows good localization both in time and spatial
frequency domain.
 Transformation of the whole image introduces
inherent scaling
 Better identification of which data is relevant to
human perception higher compression ratio
(64:1 vs. 500:1)
 Applications

 NAVIGATION AID

 MEDICAL IMAGING

 REMOTE SENSING

 MERGING OUT-OF-FOCUS IMAGES

 Applications

 Intelligent robots
•Require motion control, based on feedback from the environment from
visual, tactile, force/torque, and other types of sensors
•Stereo camera fusion
•Intelligent viewing control
•Automatic target recognition and tracking
 Applications

 Medical image
•Fusing X-ray computed topography (CT) and
magnetic resonance (MR) images
• Computer assisted surgery
• Spatial registration of 3-D surface
 Applications

 Manufacturing

• Electronic circuit and component inspection

• Product surface measurement and inspection
non-destructive material inspection
• Manufacture process monitoring
• Complex machine/device diagnostics
• Intelligent robots on assembly lines
 Applications

 Military and law enforcement

• Detection, tracking, identification of ocean (air,ground)target/event

• Concealed weapon detection
• Battle-field monitoring
• Night pilot guidance
 References

BASE PAPER :
 DAVID L. HALL and JAMES LLINAS, An Introduction to
Multisensor Data Fusion, Proceedings of IEEE, 85, 1 (Jan.
1997)
 Barbara Zitova, Jan Flusser, Image registration methods: a
survey. Image and Vision Computing 21
 References

RELATED PAPERS :
 L. J. Chipman and T. M. Orr, “Wavelets and image fusion,”
in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on
Image Processing, Washington D.C., October 1995, pp. 248–
251 (2003)
 L.J. Chipman, T.M. Orr, and L.N. Lewis. Wavelets and image
fusion.IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 3:248–251, 1995.
 linage fusion techniqcs Sinione.Giovanni and Farina. Alfonso and
Morahito. Francesco and Scmico. Sebastiano Bruno and
Bruzzone.Lorcnzo (U). Technical Report DIT-02-025, University of
Trento.