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Costs and
Revenue
Monopoly
price
1. The intersection
of the marginalrevenue curve and
the marginal-cost
curve determines
the profitmaximizing
quantity...
Average
total cost
A
Demand
Marginal
cost
0
QMAX
Marginal revenue
Quantity
Railways Zone
Name
Abbr.
1 Central
CR
2 East Central
3 East Coast
4 Eastern
5 North Central
6 North Eastern
ECR
ECoR
ER
NCR
NER
7 North Western
8 Northeast Frontier
9 Northern
NWR
NFR
NR
10 South
11 South
12 South
13 South
Central
East Central
Eastern
Western
SCR
SECR
SER
SWR
14 Southern
15 West Central
SR
WCR
16 Western
WR
Date
Headquarters Established Divisions
November 5,
1951
Mumbai
Mumbai, Bhusawal, Pune, Solapur, Nagpur
October 1,
Danapur, Dhanbad, Mughalsarai, Samastipur,
2002
Hajipur
Sonpur
April 1, 2003
Bhubaneswar Khurda Road, Sambalpur, Visakhapatnam
April, 1952
Kolkata
Howrah, Sealdah, Asansol, Malda
April 1, 2003
Allahabad
Allahabad, Agra, Jhansi
1952
Gorakhpur
Izzatnagar, Lucknow, Varanasi
October 1,
2002
Jaipur
Jaipur, Ajmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur
1958
Guwahati
Alipurduar, Katihar, Lumding, Rangia, Tinsukia
April 14, 1952 Delhi
Delhi, Ambala, Firozpur, Lucknow, Moradabad
October 2,
Secunderaba Secunderabad, Hyderabad, Guntakal, Guntur,
1966
d
Nanded, Vijayawada
April 1, 2003
Bilaspur, CG Bilaspur, Raipur, Nagpur
1955
Kolkata
Adra, Chakradharpur, Kharagpur, Ranchi
April 1, 2003
Hubli
Hubli, Bangalore, Mysore
Chennai, Madurai, Palakkad, Salem,
April 14, 1951 Chennai
Tiruchchirapalli, Thiruvanathapuram
April 1, 2003
Jabalpur
Jabalpur, Bhopal, Kota
November 5,
Mumbai Central, Vadodara, Ratlam, Ahmedabad,
1951
Mumbai
Rajkot, Bhavnagar
Passenger Services
Operates over 9000 trains and
transports over 5 billion annually across
India.
Preferred mode of transport in most of
the country.
Overcrowding is a widely faced problem
Ticket-less travel is also an additional
problem faced.
Headquar
ters
Purpose
Manufacture mainline diesel-electric for passenger and freight
Varanasi
traffic
Chittaranja Manufacture electric locomotives using DC traction as well as ACn
AC transmission
Patiala
Chennai
Freight
Carries variety of goods
Contributes to 70% of revenues
Last 2 decades, shifted to large
container movement.
Majority of earnings comes from
carrying bulk goods like iron ore, coal.
Introduced CONRAJ for high priority
freight
Suburban Rail
Many cities have dedicated suburban
networks.
Cities include Mumbai, Chennai, Delhi,
Hyderabad, Kolkata, Lucknow & Pune.
Only Mumbai, Pune & Hyderabad share tracks
with long distance trains.
Trains are mostly electric multiple units.
Only in Mumbai trains run on Direct Current,
rest run on Alternating Current.
modernization
safety and security of passengers
replacement and renewal of assets
track renewal & improvement in passenger
amenities
increase in productivity and reduction in operating
ratio.
computerization of railway systems.
induction of new technologies for signalling and
telecom.
prevention of leakages of revenue.
Capacity Enhancement
increasing wagon loading capacity
reducing wagon turnaround time
increasing length of wagon
sidings(platforms)
reducing loading/unloading time
avoiding frequent train examination
Capacity Utilization
Dynamic pricing policy
Tariff Rationalization
Non-peak Season Incremental Freight
Discount
Loyalty Discount Scheme
Long-term Freight Discount Scheme
Multiple Unloading
Revenue Enhancement
Focusing on low-cost high-volume
operations
Revision in freight rates
Increasing number of coaches in popular
trains
Reducing AC class fares
Introducing Garib Raths to attract volumes
Amenities
Provision of on-line coach indication display board; on-line train arrival departure
information board; on-line reservation availability information board.
Provision of discharge-free green toilets in all 36,000 coaches in XI Plan period
at a cost of about Rs.4,000 cr.
LHB design coaches for all Rajdhani and Shatabdi trains over next few years.
Provision of LHB coaches with stainless steel bogies in Mail/Express trains.
Concessions
Senior citizen concession for women enhanced to 50% from existing 30%.
Improvements in ticketing
Freight Business
Reductions & Concessions
5% reduction in freight rates for Petrol and
Diesel.
14% reduction in freight rate of Fly-ash.
Liberalisation of Traditional Empty Flow
direction incentive scheme
Freight Business
Reductions & Concessions
30% discount on entire traffic in place of
incremental traffic booked from goods shed.
Increase in discount on incremental traffic
booked from private sidings from 30% to 40%.
6% freight concession for traffic booked from
other States for stations in North Eastern
States.
Initiatives
Procurement of Rolling Stock: All time high
of 20,000 wagons, 250 diesel and 220
electric locomotives to be manufactured.
New Wagon Leasing Policy and Wagon
Investment Scheme formulated to increase
availability of wagons in the system.
Discounts for development of bulk and nonbulk goods terminals.
Welfare Measures
Social Welfare
One time exercise of appointing Railway Porters as gangmen and
Staff Welfare
A new divisional hospital at Ranchi and an OPD block at
Integral Coach Factory to be constructed.
Employees who joined Railways from other
agencies/PSUs etc and are eligible for pensionary
benefits, would now be eligible for post retirement
complimentary passes as per the norms being set.