QM ZG528 L-6

Reliability Engineering
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Gajanand Gupta
Department of Mechanical Engineering
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BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus

Reliability of Systems
Chapter - 5

Introduction
A system consist of number of different components
Components within a system may be related to one
another in two primary ways
-Series configuration or
-Parallel configuration
In series configuration all components must function for
the system to function.
However in a parallel or redundant configuration at least
one component must function for the system to function.

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Serial Configuration
In a series configuration, all assets are considered
critical

Reliability block diagram for components in series

E1=Event that component 1 does not fail

E2=Event that component 2 does not fail
Then P(E1)=R1 and P(E2)=R2 R1,R2=Reliabilities
Rs=P(E1E2)=P(E1) P(E2)= R1 R2
Therefore generelizing system reliability asRs= (R1) x (R2) x (R3) x .x (Rn)
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Serial Configuration
If component has constant failure rate

MTTF=1/ = 1/
EXAMPLE- Consider 4 components of system in series are independent and
identically distributed with CFR. If Rs(100)=0.95 , Find individual component
MTTF

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Example
A system consists of three units which function reliability
wise in series. The failure rates of these units are as
follows:
1 = 3.5 fr/106 hr,
2 = 16 fr/106 hr and 3 = 1.2 fr/106 hr.
Determine the following parameters of this system:
1. Failure rate, ss(T).
2. Reliability, Rss(t), for a 100-hr mission.
3. Mean time between failures, MTBFSS.
4. The series system's failure rate is
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Solution
1. The series system's failure rate is

2. The series system's reliability is given by

where ss = 20.7 fr/106 hr, and t = 100 hr; hence
Rss = e-0.00207 = 0.9979.
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3. The series system's MTBF is

This means that on the average such identical systems,

operating under identical application and operation
stresses, would fail after 48,309 hr of operation.

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Example
Two exponential subsystems make up a system.
Subsystem 1 has a reliability of 99.95% for a 100-hr
mission, and Subsystem 2 has a reliability of 99.95% for
a 10-hr mission. What is this system's reliability for a
100-hr mission when the two subsystems are reliability
wise in series?

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Solution
For Subsystem 1 it is known that
R1(t = 100 hr) = 99.95% = 0.9995,
and for Subsystem 2 it is known that
R2(t = 10 hr) = 99.95% = 0.9995.
For exponential units it is known that
R(t) = e-t,
and
Therefore
It is also known that

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Therefore,
Rss(t = 100 hr) = e-(0.0000050013+0.000050013)(100) =
e-0.0055014,
or
Rss(t = 100 hr) = 0.9945 = 99.45%.

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Parallel Configuration
In parallel system all units must fail to for system to fail
Parallel units are represented by block diagram

System reliability is found by taking 1 minus probability

that all n components fail
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Parallel Configuration
Rs(t) = 1 - [(1 - R1) (1 - R2) (1 - R3) . (1 - Rn)]
For a redundant system consisting of all CFR
components
EXAMPLE- For two component parallel system and having CFR
derive expression for MTTF

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Example
Two parallel, identical and independent components
have CFR. If it is desired that Rs(1000) = 0.95, Find the
component and system MTTF.

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Example
A system consists of three units which function reliability
wise in parallel . The failure rates of these units are as
follows:
1 = 3.5 fr/106 hr,
2 = 16 fr/106 hr and 3 = 1.2 fr/106 hr.
Find the following for this system:
The reliability for a 100-hr mission starting the mission at
age zero.
The MTBF.
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Solution
The reliability of this system for t = 100 hr is

Rsp(100 hr) = 0.9999

The MTBF of this system is

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MTBFsp = 909,600 hr.

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Thanks

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