Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Trisakti University
Jakarta
Origin:
Plants (opium, cocaine, curare, aflatoxin)
Animals (poison/snake toxin,
spider/marine animals)
Mineral (arsenic, plumbum, and things
that made from synthetic)
Heroin
Venue:
Nature-free(poisongasinnature, household)
Poisonagriculture(insecticides,herbesida,pe
sticides)
Toxicindustriallaboratoriesandindustry
(acidand strong base,heavymetals)
Toxic food(CN in cassava, botulinus toxic,
preservative, additives substance and toxic in
the form of medicine e.g. sedative hypnotic)
Organsthataffected:
Hepatotosik
Nephrotoxic
Work mechanism:
Toxicthatbindsulfhydryl group(Pb)
EffectonATP-ase
Formingmethemoglobin(nitrateandnitrit
e)
The effects:
Local
Systemic
local-systemic
Exposure
totoxicsubstancesonhumansand
living things:
regular consumption
exposure from work
environmental exposure and
poisoning,either intentionally
orunintentionally
How to enter:
Age
Body condition
Habits
Idiosinkrasi and allergic to vitamin E,
penicilin, streptomycin dan procaine
Time delivery
a major contributor
tomorbidityandmortality,observedinapproximately
5,000 to10,000
deathsoccurfrominhalingfogeachyearin theunited
states
Exposuresuiciderarelyreported
topoisoncentersand 18of242(in 2007)and
25of238(in 2008)cases
ofcyanidepoisoningisdeliberateexposureasreporte
dto the American Association
ofPoisonControlCenters
fatalsuicideinadult patientsmayeasilybe
associatedwithsudden deathfrom
myocardialinfarction,pulmonaryembolism,orventric
ulardysrhythmias
Low-doseinnatureandineveryproductthat
we usuallyeatoruse
Cyanidecan
beproducedbybacteria,fungiandalgae
Cyanideis foundincigarettes,motor vehicle
fumes,andfoodandthesynthetic product
Cyanideinseedplants,especiallygrains(cassa
vawild,wildtubers,Intersection buffoonery,
wildcherry,plum,apricot,wildamigdalin,
jetberrybush,etc.)
FogInhalation
Intentionalpoisoning(suicide)
Industry exposure
Iatrogenic exposure
Consumption
ofSupplementsContainingCyanide
(Uncommon)
Cyanideinthe
bodywillinactivesomeoxidativeenzymesradicallythe
whole system,especiallycytochromeoxidaseby binding
totheferrichemegroupfrom the oxygencarriedbyblood
The process ofoxidationandreductionoccursasfollows:
CytochromeoxidaseFe++Fe++ +cytochromeoxidase
+
CN
/----Fe+++cytochromeoxidase-cyanideOxidize cyanidedin the bodyget into
cyanatesandsulfosianatandexpelledfrom the body
throughurine.
ToxicdoseorallyforHCNis60-90mg,
whiledosestoxictoKCNor NaCNis200mg.
symptomsin thebody:
bloodpressure,vision,lung,central nerve, heart,
endocrinesystem, autonomicsystemandmetabolic system
sore eyesbecause ofirritationanddifficultybreathingdue
toirritate therespiratory tractmucosa
high
concentrationsonlywithin15secondshiperpnea,15second
sto lose consciousness.3minutes ofapneaisa period of58minuteswillcausethe heart muscleactivityis
hampereddue tohypoxiaandendswithdeath
Exposure of hydrogencyanide
maycauseirritationagainsteyes
andskinimmediatelyafter exposureorat
least30to 60minutes
Inlow concentrations,the
effectsofcyanideemergingabout 1530minuteslater
Early signsofcyanidepoisoning:
Temporary hiperpnea
Headache
dyspnea
Anxiety
Changes inbehaviorsuch
asagitationandrestlessness
Sweatinga
lot,reddishskincolor,bodyfeelsweakandve
rtigo
Inhalation:palpitations,difficultyto
breath,nausea,vomiting,
headache,salvasi,lakrimasi,mouthandthro
atirritation,dizzinessandweakness
ofextremities arise quickly andthen
collapse, convulsions, comaanddeath
Chronicpoisoningvictimlookspale,cold
sweats,dizziness, discomfortin the
stomach,nauseaandcolic,feel pressed on
thechestandshortness ofbreath.
Signsthe end:
comaanddilatedpupils,tremors,arrhythmi
as,convulsions,coma emphasisonthe
respiratorycenter,respiratoryfailureuntil
the heart stop beating
color skin looks"cherry-red"
Poisoned by CNinhalation:
->movevictimtothe place where cleanair is
available,give-amylnitrite
withinhalation,1ampoule(0.2ml)every5minu
tes,stopgivingwhen
thesystolicbloodpressureis lessthan
80mmHg
->give artificial respirationwith100%oxygen
->Antidotumin the form ofsodiumnitrite3%IV
-> vary thedose
ofsodiumnitriteandsodiumthiosulfatewithHb
CNpoisoningingested
doan
emergencyactionwithinhalationofamyl
nitrite, one ampoule(0.2ml,
within3minutes)every5minutes
Giveartificial
respirationwith100%oxygen.
Besidesnitrite, methyleneblue1%50
mLIVcan be used asantidotum
Open
chestandabdominalcavity,specifywhet
herthere isan unusualsmell (smell
ofpoison)
Considerthe color ofbloodandthe
color of organs isbrown
reddish
In lung, there isan acute damming
Takingbloodfrom
theheartseparatelyfromthe
rightandleftrespectively for about50ml
Bloodside for about 30-50ml,taken
fromofiliacvein
Urineandgastric washingsallof taken
from thebladder
Organlivershould be taken
afterreserved forpathology
anatomyexamination
Kidneysshould betakenboth
Brain,lipoidsystem inside
another way totakesamples:
Get the placewhere toxic gets
in(stomach,the injection site)
Blood
Out point(urine,bile)
KUHP :
Article 205
Article 359
Article 360
KUHAP
Article 133
Case
Discussion
Leaf
and
Cassava
Tuber
Be
poisoned
Toxicologycan bedefined as
asubstancethatcancausebadeffectwhen it
getsinto aliving
body,eitheraccidentallyorwithintent.
Onetype
ofpoisoningthatoccursiscyanidepoisoning,bec
ause thecyanidesaltina smalldoseis
enoughtocausedeathinsomeonequicklylike a
suicide.
Poisoningcanthroughparenteraladministration,
inhalation,ingestionorskin absorption(dermal).
Signsandsymptomsdepend onthemechanism,
sourceandquantityofcyanide thatgets into the
body.
Forensicthroughthe postmortemexaminationandtoxicology
testscanprovethe existence
ofcyanideinthe
body,oranychangesandabnormalitiesc
onsistent with cyanide poisoning.
Aspectmedikolegalaboutcyanidepoiso
ningregulatedinKUHParticles
205,359,360;KUHAP133,Law No.8of
1999aboutconsumer protection
Article19and60.