• India is one of the largest and most populated countries in

the world, with over one billion inhabitants. Of this

number, it's estimated that around 2.3 million people are
currently living with HIV.1
• HIV emerged later in India than it did in many other
countries. Infection rates soared throughout the 1990s, and
today the epidemic affects all sectors of Indian society, not
just the groups – such as sex workers and truck drivers –
with which it was originally associated.
• In a country where poverty, illiteracy and poor health are
rife, the spread of HIV presents a daunting challenge.
The History of HIV/AIDS in India

• At the beginning of 1986, despite over 20,000

reported AIDS cases worldwide, India had no
reported cases of HIV or AIDS. There was
recognition, though, that this would not be
the case for long, and concerns were raised
about how India would cope once HIV and
AIDS cases started to emerge. One report,
published in a medical journal in January
1986, stated:
• “Unlike developed countries, India lacks the scientific
laboratories, research facilities, equipment, and
medical personnel to deal with an AIDS epidemic. In
addition, factors such as cultural taboos against
discussion of sexual practices, poor coordination
between local health authorities and their
communities, widespread poverty and malnutrition,
and a lack of capacity to test and store blood would
severely hinder the ability of the Government to
control AIDS if the disease did become widespread.”
• Later in the year, India’s first cases of HIV were
diagnosed among SEX WORKERS in Chennai, Tamil
Nadu. It was noted that contact with foreign
visitors had played a role in initial infections among
sex workers, and as HIV screening centres were set
up across the country there were calls for visitors
to be screened for HIV. Gradually, these calls
subsided as more attention was paid to ensuring
that HIV screening was carried out in blood banks.
• In 1987 a National AIDS Control Programme was
launched to co-ordinate national responses. Its activities
covered surveillance, blood screening, and health
education. By the end of 1987, out of 52,907 who had
been tested, around 135 people were found to be HIV
positive and 14 had AIDS. Most of these initial cases had
occurred through heterosexual sex, but at the end of the
1980s a rapid spread of HIV was observed among
injecting drug users (IDUs) in Manipur, Mizoram and
Nagaland - three north-eastern states of India bordering
Myanmar (Burma).
• At the beginning of the 1990s, as infection rates continued to
rise, responses were strengthened. In 1992 the government
set up NACO (the National AIDS Control Organisation), to
oversee the formulation of policies, prevention work and
control programmes relating to HIV and AIDS. In the same
year, the government launched a Strategic Plan for HIV
prevention. This plan established the administrative and
technical basis for programme management and also set up
State AIDS bodies in 25 states and 7 union territories. It was
able to make a number of important improvements in HIV
prevention such as improving blood safety.
• By this stage, cases of HIV infection had been
reported in every state of the country.12
Throughout the 1990s, it was clear that although
individual states and cities had separate
epidemics, HIV had spread to the general
population. Increasingly, cases of infection were
observed among people that had previously been
seen as ‘low-risk’, such as housewives and richer
members of society.13 In 1998, one author wrote:
• “HIV infection is now common in India; exactly
what the prevalence is, is not really known,
but it can be stated without any fear of being
wrong that infection is widespread… it is
spreading rapidly into those segments that
society in India does not recognise as being at
risk. AIDS is coming out of the closet.”
• In 2001, the government adopted the National AIDS
Prevention and Control Policy. During that year, former
Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee addressed parliament
and referred to HIV/AIDS as one of the most serious health
challenges facing the country. Vajpayee also met the chief
ministers of the six high-prevalence states to plan the
implementation of strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention.
• HIV had now spread extensively throughout the country. In
1990 there had been tens of thousands of people living with
HIV in India; by 2000 this had risen to millions.
Current estimates

• In 2006 UNAIDS estimated that there were 5.6 million people living
with HIV in India, which indicated that there were more people with
HIV in India than in any other country in the world.17 In 2007,
following the first survey of HIV among the general population,
UNAIDS and NACO agreed on a new estimate – between 2 million
and 3.1 million people living with HIV.18
• In 2008 the figure was confirmed to be 2.31 million,19 which equates
to a prevalence of 0.3%. While this may seem a low rate, because
India's population is so large, it is third in the world in terms of
greatest number of people living with HIV. With a population of
around a billion, a mere 0.1% increase in HIV prevalence would
increase the estimated number of people living with HIV by over
half a million.
CONT.

• The national HIV prevalence rose dramatically

in the early years of the epidemic, but a study
released at the beginning of 2006 suggests
that the HIV infection rate has recently fallen
in southern India, the region that has been hit
hardest by AIDS.20 In addition, NACO released
figures in 2008 suggesting that the number of
people living with HIV has declined from 2.73
million in 2002 to 2.31 million 2007.
The HIV/AIDS situation in different states
HIV statistics

• NACO releases HIV figures each year based on data gathered from HIV
Sentinel Surveillance sites. In 2007 surveillance was conducted at 1134
sites and 358,797 samples were tested for HIV. The sites carry out tests
among the high-risk groups and among antenatal clinic attendees. Data
gathered from the antenatal clinics are then used as a surrogate for the
general population.
• Across India HIV prevalence appears to be low among the general
population, but disproportionately high among high-risk groups, such as
IDUs, female sex workers, men who have sex with men (MSM) and STD
clinic attendees.
• The average HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics
in India is 0.48%. Much higher rates are found among people attending
STD clinics (3.6%), female sex workers (5.1%), injecting drug users (7.2%)
and men who have sex with men (7.4%). As the table below shows, the
                                                                                                                                 

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National Family Health Survey
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Who is affected by HIV and AIDS in India?

• People living with HIV in India come from incredibly

diverse cultures and backgrounds. The vast majority
of infections occur through heterosexual sex (80%),
and most of those who become infected would not
fall into the category of ‘high-risk groups’ - although
members of such groups, including sex workers,
men who have sex with men, truck drivers and
migrant workers, do face a disproportionately higher
risk of infection. See our page on affected groups in
India for more information.
Testing

• The general consensus among those fighting AIDS

worldwide is that HIV testing should be carried out
voluntarily, with the consent of the individual
concerned. This view has been supported by the
Indian government and NACO, who have helped to
establish hundreds of integrated counselling and
testing centres (ICTCs) in India. By the end of 2008
there were 4817 ICTCs in India,58 compared to just 62
in 1997.59 In 2007 these centres tested 5.9 million
people for HIV, an increase from 0.14 million in 2001.
Testing

• In Goa and Andhra Pradesh the state

governments proposed a bill in 2006 to make HIV
tests compulsory before marriage, and in Punjab
it has been proposed that all people wishing to
obtain or retain a driver’s license should be
tested for HIV.61 Neither of these plans have
come to pass, but they have concerned activists,
who argue that HIV testing should never be
imposed on people against their wishes.
Testing

• India has certainly made progress in

expanding HIV testing to its large population.
However, considering only 50% of those
currently infected with HIV are aware of their
status there is still significant work to be done
in this area.
DEATHS DUE TO AIDS WORLD
WIDE

• World deaths 2,000,000 2007 est.

some of the countries are as follows

South Africa 756,000 2008 

• India 310,000 2001
• Nigeria 170,000 2007
• Zimbabwe 140,000 2007
• Tanzania 96,000 2007
• Uganda 77,000 2007
• Russia 40,000 2007
• China 39,000 2007
• Thailand 30,000 2007
• Ukraine 19,000 2007
Contribution of UN
• Sony Corporation is partnering with UNDP and the
JICA to bring health information, with a special focus
on HIV, to vulnerable communities in Cameroon and
Ghana.
• Partnership with faith organizations vital for effective
response to HIV
• Taking HIV prevention on the road (An ambitious
programme, the World Bank Abidjan-Lagos Transport
Corridor)
• CPLP and UNAIDS sign cooperation agreement in
response to the AIDS epidemic
Cont..

• Ending mother-to-child transmission is everyone’s

business and I urge the private sector to leverage
their core competencies, resources and advocacy
muscle to prevent all babies from becoming
infected with HIV.
• UNAIDS Executive Director Michel Sidibé
What India is doing to response
AIDS

• On 31 March, 2009, 1,271 Targeted Interventions

projects were operational under\various State AIDS
Control Societies and about 200 more were
managed by partners

• The Link Worker Scheme

• An allocation of Rs.167.3 cores was made under IEC

for NACO 08-09
Cont…
• 50,000condoms were sold through 8,500 condom vending
machines. 08-09

• NACO scaled up the Female Condom Programmed in A.P, T .N

Maharashtra and W.B to saturate all the female sex worker Tis
and 15 lakh female condoms were procured 08-09

• 1,092 Blood Banks including 104 Blood

• Component Separation Units and 10 Model Blood Banks
collected

• 56,568 blood donation camps were organized.

08-09
Cont..
• (ICTC) increased from 982in 2004 to 4,987 in March
2009. .
• The no.of persons tested increased from
17.5 lakhs in 2004
101 lakhs in 2008-09.
• Prevention Of Hiv / Aids : Focus on Outside
Community
Starting Nov 2005, J K Tyre is supporting three clinics
located on the National highway at Indore , Dhanbad
& Vishwa Karma Nagar on NH-8 aimed at the
specific populations of truckers and their helpers
who are considered to be a highly vulnerable to this
menace of HIV /AIDS. J K Tyre supports the work
being done by Melinda & Bill Gates Foundation in
collaboration with TCI Foundation.
• Main objective of this project is to create
awareness as a preventive measure. We also
Participate in the ' Infotainment Melas' that
are held near these clinics, where
entertainment is combined with spreading the
message.
• From Nov 2007, apart from 3 clinics run by TCI
Foundation & supported by J K Tyre, one clinic
named "JEEVAN KIRAN" entirely financed by J K
Tyre has started functioning at Transport Nagar,
Jaipur. Its day-to-day operation is managed by NGO
called , 'Vatsalya'. " 2nd JEEVAN KIRAN CLINIC was
inaugurated at Shahpura on NH-8, 70 kms short of
Jaipur on way from Delhi, on 25.05.2008."
Photograph shows the frontage Jeevan Kiran
clinics.
• So far , at all these five clinics more than 52000
persons have been attended to for all kind of
ailments, of which 12868 were treated for STI's
[sexually transmitted infections] and the rest for
general ailments. Cases suspected to have contacted
HIV are referred to the government centers.
• We have crossed the 10000 milestone in helping
citizens of India to move towards literacy and in the
cliniesrum or supported by us we have crossed the
mark of 50000 beneficianries.
• Prevention Of Hiv / Aids : Inhouse , Focus on Our Employees
JAN 2008 = MOU signed ; between ILO [Internationaal Labour Organization] for helping us in
this endeavour ; also a 2 hr presentation was made to group of Sr executives by ILO.

March 2008 = J K TYre HIV /AIDS POLICY was announced & has been widely disseminated. Four
pillars of this policy are : AWARENESS, NON-DISCRIMINATION, CONFIDENTIALTY &
CPOLLABORATION.

APRIL 2008 = A Survey was carried out among employees at all locations to assess existing level
of knowledge on the subject by an outside agency.

MAY 2008 = Training of 31 MASTER TRAINERS by ILD took place , selected from among our
employees, for 2 days, who in turn will conduct 2 hour awareness sessions for all employees at
all locations.

Starting July 2008, so far around 7000 employees have participated in the two - hour
awareness sessions conducted by our Master Trainers / Peer Educators. This initiative has been
highly appreciated by the workers as well as the unions.
• HIV / AIDS, As additional initiative in 2008 for
Observing WORLD AIDS  DAY
We joined TCI Foundation in observing the WORLD AIDS
DAY on Dec 01, 2008 at 13 locations all over India [Delhi,
Kanpur, Ghaziabad, Agra, Varanasi, Jaipur, Indore,
Nagpur, Pune, Dhandbad, Jamshedpur, Hyderabad,
Bangalore]

These functions called "Truckers' Utsav" combine

awareness generation with entertainment which were
attended by about 22000 truckers.
• The aim of the company was to create awareness
about HIV/AIDS and its causes by organizing special
programm 07
• The programme was jointly initiated by the AAS
group
• The rally was held at Sri Chattrapati Shivaji Stadium
• AAS & M&M are making the event interactive
and educational. Visitors can access
information on HIV/AIDS in a variety of ways.
They can visit any one of the numerous stalls
for information or watch a puppet show which
presents the message in an entertaining way.
They can also watch a special video film on
HIV/AIDS.
WHAT WE SHOULD DO

• As a B-school student we should also take

several steps to eradicate or to prevent people
from spreading AIDS, such steps are as
follows:
• We should approach other B-schools and
motivate them to work against the HIV/AIDS.
• We should also approach the corporates for the
financial help and also to do their CSR projects
on AIDS.
WHAT WE SHOULD DO

• We should go to the rural areas also to make

awareness in schools, Colleges and etc
• As literacy rate in rural areas are very poor and
unfortunately they are the one who have been
affected most and it is our duty to educate them
about the AIDS.
• With the help of corporates and the government
we can set up specialized coaching centers to
educate the youths about the prevention from
AIDS.
• We can approach social networking companies
for the regular advertisements about the
awareness of AIDS, as the social networking
websites can provide current statistics.
Presented By-
Group-4
Abeer Raja
Sumit Agarwal
JAIN COLLEGE